Hyaluronan, neural stem cells and tissue reconstruction after acute ischemic stroke.
Authors: Moshayedi P, Carmichael ST
Abstract
Focal stroke is a disabling disease with lifelong sensory, motor and cognitive impairments. Given the paucity of effective clinical treatments, basic scientists are developing novel options for protection of the affected brain and regeneration of lost tissue. Tissue bioengineering and stem/progenitor cell treatments have both been individually pursued for stroke neural repair therapies, with some benefit in tissue recovery. Emerging directions in stroke neural repair approaches combine these two therapies to use biopolymers with stem/progenitor transplants to pr...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Hyaluronic acid hydrogels for vocal fold wound healing.
Authors: Gaston J, Thibeault SL
Abstract
The unique vibrational properties inherent to the human vocal fold have a significant detrimental impact on wound healing and scar formation. Hydrogels have taken prominence as a tissue engineered strategy to restore normal vocal structure and function as cellularity is low. The frequent vibrational and shear forces applied to, and present in this connective tissue make mechanical properties of such hydrogels a priority in this active area of research. Hyaluronic acid has been chemically modified in a variety of ways to address cell function while maintaining desira...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Combining technologies to create bioactive hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
In this study, we have fabricated polymer-ceramic hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration by combining rapid prototyping (RP), electrospinning (ESP) and a biomimetic coating method in order to provide mechanical support and a physico-chemical environment mimicking both the organic and inorganic phases of bone extracellular matrix (ECM). Poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(buthylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) block copolymer was used to produce three dimensional scaffolds by combining 3D fiber (3DF) deposition, and ESP, and these constructs were then coated with a Ca-P layer in a simulated physiological solution. Scaffold...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Delivery of EPC embedded in HA-hydrogels for treatment of acute kidney injury.
Authors: Ratliff BB, Goligorsky MS
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of stem cells has shown potential as an effective treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI). The current strategy for adoptive transfer of stem cells is by intravenous injection. However, this conventional method of stem cell delivery is riddled with problems causing reduced efficacy of the therapeutic potential of delivered stem cells. This review summarizes the recent advancements in an alternative method of stem cell delivery for treatment of AKI, embedding stem cells in hyaluronic acid (HA-) based hydrogels followed by their implantation. Furt...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
An in vitro study of composites of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), β-tricalcium phosphate and ciprofloxacin intended for local treatment of osteomyelitis.
Authors: Ahola N, Männistö N, Veiranto M, Karp M, Rich J, Efimov A, Seppälä J, Kellomäki M
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a bacterial disease that can become chronic, and treatment often includes a surgical operation to remove infected bone. The aim of this study was to develop and investigate in vitro bone filling composite materials that release ciprofloxacin to kill any remaining bacteria and contain bioceramic to help the bone to heal. Three composites of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), β-tricalcium phosphate and ciprofloxacin were compounded using twin-screw extrusion and sterilized by gamma irra...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
A new synthesis route to high surface area sol gel bioactive glass through alcohol washing: a preliminary study.
This study represents the first attempt to use this method for the stabilization of bioactive glass. The bioactive glass stabilized by this ethanol washing process was characterized for its physicochemical and biomimetic property in comparison with similar composition of calcined bioactive glass. The compositional similarity of the two stabilized glass powders was confirmed by spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analysis. Other physicochemical characterizations together with the cell culture studies with L929 fibroblast cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proved that the stabilization was achieved with the retenti...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Electrosprayed nanoparticles for drug delivery and pharmaceutical applications.
Authors: Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S
Abstract
Nanotechnology based Pharma has emerged significantly and has influenced the Pharma industry up to a considerable extent. Nanoparticles technology holds a good share of the nanotech Pharma and is significant in comparison with the other domains. Electrospraying technology answers the potential needs of nanoparticle production such as scalability, reproducibility, effective encapsulation etc. Many drugs have been electrosprayed with and without polymer carriers. Drug release characteristics are improved with the incorporation of biodegradable polymer carriers which...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Enhancing retention and efficacy of cardiosphere-derived cells administered after myocardial infarction using a hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel.
Authors: Smith RR, Marbán E, Marbán L
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical development and are currently being tested in a clinical trial enrolling patients who have undergone a myocardial infarction. CDCs are presently administered via infusion into the infarct-related artery and have been shown in early clinical trials to be effective agents of myocardial regeneration. This review describes the administration of CDCs in a hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel via myocardial injection and the subsequent improvements in therapeutic benefit seen in animal models. Development of a next gener...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Delivery, retention and engraftment of progenitor cells in cell therapy.
Authors: Prestwich GD
PMID: 23567185 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biomatter)
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Defining cell-matrix combination products in the era of pluripotency.
Authors: Sternberg H, Janus J, West MD
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells provide an attractive opportunity for the manufacture of a wide array of therapeutic cell types. The challenges to commercialization include the thousand-fold diversity of cell types emerging from hPS cells and the associated difficulties in validating processes to reliably generate cells with precise identity and purity. Improved methods of controlling the dosage and migration of hPS-derived cells in solid tissues are also needed. To directly address these issues, we clonally expanded proliferating lineages of cells that we...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Vascular endothelium as a novel source of stem cells for bioengineering.
Authors: Susienka MJ, Medici D
Abstract
Endothelial plasticity, the ability of endothelial cells to alter their lineage commitment to generate other cell types, is involved in many developmental and pathological processes. It was recently shown that vascular endothelial cells are converted to a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype through a process known as endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). EndMT is characterized as a morphological and phenotypical transformation of endothelial cells that has been implicated in cardiac development, cancer, fibrosis and heterotopic ossification. Here we describe the mo...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Biomaterials and bioengineering tomorrow's healthcare.
Authors: Bhat S, Kumar A
Abstract
Biomaterials are being used for the healthcare applications from ancient times. But subsequent evolution has made them more versatile and has increased their utility. Biomaterials have revolutionized the areas like bioengineering and tissue engineering for the development of novel strategies to combat life threatening diseases. Together with biomaterials, stem cell technology is also being used to improve the existing healthcare facilities. These concepts and technologies are being used for the treatment of different diseases like cardiac failure, fractures, deep skin inju...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Understanding the viscoelastic behavior of collagen matrices through relaxation time distribution spectrum.
This study aims to provide understanding of the macroscopic viscoelastic behavior of collagen matrices through studying the relaxation time distribution spectrum obtained from stress relaxation tests. Hydrated collagen gel and dehydrated collagen thin film was exploited as two different hydration levels of collagen matrices. Genipin solution was used to induce crosslinking in collagen matrices. Biaxial stress relaxation tests were performed to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of collagen matrices. The rate of stress relaxation of both hydrated and dehydrated collagen matrices shows a linear initial stress level depen...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
A novel device to stretch multiple tissue samples with variable patterns: application for mRNA regulation in tissue-engineered constructs.
Authors: Imsirovic J, Derricks K, Buczek-Thomas JA, Rich CB, Nugent MA, Suki B
Abstract
A broad range of cells are subjected to irregular time varying mechanical stimuli within the body, particularly in the respiratory and circulatory systems. Mechanical stretch is an important factor in determining cell function; however, the effects of variable stretch remain unexplored. In order to investigate the effects of variable stretch, we designed, built and tested a uniaxial stretching device that can stretch three-dimensional tissue constructs while varying the strain amplitude from cycle to cycle. The device i...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Progressive alterations in microstructural organization and biomechanical response in the ApoE mouse model of aneurysm.
The objective of this study was to determine any changes that occur in the biomechanical response and fiber microstructure in the ApoE(-/-) AngII mouse model of aneurysm during disease progression. Adult ApoE(-/-) AngII infused mice along with wild-type controls were taken at 14 and 28 d. Aortas were excised and tested simultaneously for biaxial mechanical response and ECM organization. Data sets were fit to a Fung-type constitutive model to give peak strains and stiffness values. Images from two photon microscopy were quantified in order to assess the preferred fiber alignment and degree of fiber orientation. Biomechanica...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
