Synthesis and characterization of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) core + poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell nanoparticle system.
Authors: Kosinski AM, Brugnano JL, Seal BL, Knight FC, Panitch A
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a popular material used to prepare nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, PLGA nanoparticles lack desirable attributes including active targeting abilities, resistance to aggregation during lyophilization, and the ability to respond to dynamic environmental stimuli. To overcome these issues, we fabricated a nanoparticle consisting of a PLGA core encapsulated within a shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope imaging were used to chara...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Multifunctional aliphatic polyester nanofibers for tissue engineering.
Authors: Zhan J, Singh A, Zhang Z, Huang L, Elisseeff JH
Abstract
Electrospun fibers based on aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), have been widely used in regenerative medicine and drug delivery applications due to their biocompatibility, low cost and ease of fabrication. However, these aliphatic polyester fibers are hydrophobic in nature, resulting in poor wettability, and they lack functional groups for decorating the scaffold with chemical and biological cues. Current strategies employed to overcome these challenges include coating and blending the fibers with bioactive components...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Processing and sustained in vitro release of rifampicin containing composites to enhance the treatment of osteomyelitis.
The objective in this study was to develop an osteoconductive, biodegradable and rifampicin releasing bone filling composite material for the treatment of osteomyelitis, a bacterial infection of bone that is very difficult and expensive to treat. The composite material will be used together with a ciprofloxacin releasing composite, because of the rapid development of resistant bacteria when rifampicin is used alone. Three composites were manufactured by twin-screw extrusion. The polymer matrix for the composites was poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) 70/30 and all the composites contained 8 wt% (weight percent) of rifampic...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Artificial extracellular matrices composed of collagen I and high sulfated hyaluronan modulate monocyte to macrophage differentiation under conditions of sterile inflammation.
Authors: Kajahn J, Franz S, Rueckert E, Forstreuter I, Hintze V, Moeller S, Simon JC
Abstract
Integration of biomaterials into tissues is often disturbed by unopposed activation of macrophages. Immediately after implantation, monocytes are attracted from peripheral blood to the implantation site where they differentiate into macrophages. Inflammatory signals from the sterile tissue injury around the implanted biomaterial mediate the differentiation of monocytes into inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1) via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Suppression of sustained M1 differentiation is thought to be crucial ...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Porous-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Authors: Santos HA
PMID: 23507889 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biomatter)
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Highly porous drug-eluting structures: from wound dressings to stents and scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
Authors: Elsner JJ, Kraitzer A, Grinberg O, Zilberman M
Abstract
For many biomedical applications, there is need for porous implant materials. The current article focuses on a method for preparation of drug-eluting porous structures for various biomedical applications, based on freeze drying of inverted emulsions. This fabrication process enables the incorporation of any drug, to obtain an "active implant" that releases drugs to the surrounding tissue in a controlled desired manner. Examples for porous implants based on this technique are antibiotic-eluting mesh/matrix structures used for wound healing app...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Biomaterials for periodontal regeneration: a review of ceramics and polymers.
This article reviews various biomaterials including scaffolds and membranes used for periodontal treatment and their impacts on the experimental or clinical management of periodontal defect.
PMID: 23507891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Biomatter)
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.
Authors: Silva TH, Alves A, Popa EG, Reys LL, Gomes ME, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Mano JF, Reis RL
Abstract
Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses t...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Microporous membrane-based liver tissue engineering for the reconstruction of three-dimensional functional liver tissues in vitro.
Authors: Kasuya J, Tanishita K
Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for liver tissue engineering, various three-dimensional (3D) liver cell culture techniques have been developed. Nevertheless, conventional liver cell culture techniques involving the suspending cells in extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the seeding of cells into 3D biodegradable scaffolds have an intrinsic shortcoming, low cell-scaffold ratios. We have developed a microporous membrane-based liver cell culture technique. Cell behaviors and tissue organization can be controlled by membrane geometry, and cell-dense thick tissues can...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Nanostructured porous Si-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery.
Authors: Shahbazi MA, Herranz B, Santos HA
Abstract
One of the backbones in nanomedicine is to deliver drugs specifically to unhealthy cells. Drug nanocarriers can cross physiological barriers and access different tissues, which after proper surface biofunctionalization can enhance cell specificity for cancer therapy. Recent developments have highlighted the potential of mesoporous silica (PSiO(2)) and silicon (PSi) nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we outline and discuss the most recent advances on the applications and developments of cancer therapies by means of PSiO(2) and PSi na...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Size-tunable drug-delivery capsules composed of a magnetic nanoshell.
Authors: Fuchigami T, Kitamoto Y, Namiki Y
Abstract
Nano-sized FePt capsules with two types of ultrathin shell were fabricated using a template method for use in a nano-scale drug delivery system. One capsule was composed of an inorganic-organic hybrid shell of a water-soluble polymer and FePt nanoparticles, and the other capsule was composed of a network of fused FePt nanoparticles. We demonstrated that FePt nanoparticles selectively accumulated on the polymer molecules adsorbed on the template silica particles, and investigated the morphologies of the particle accumulation by changing the concentration o...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
The influence of operating parameters on the drug release and antibacterial performances of alginate fibrous dressings prepared by wet spinning.
Authors: Lin HY, Wang HW
Abstract
Wet spinning was used to manufacture fibrous alginate hydrogel wound dressings. Samples manufactured using varied operating parameters (decreased air pressure and calcium concentration or increased nozzle diameter and alginate concentration) were compared with the control samples. The changes in the fiber size, Young's modulus, swelling ratio, fetal bovine serum (BSA) release efficacy, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and bacterial inhibition potential due to alterations of the operating parameters were measured. The samples manufactured using altered operating paramet...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Effect of cryoprotectants on the porosity and stability of insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles after freeze-drying.
Authors: Fonte P, Soares S, Costa A, Andrade JC, Seabra V, Reis S, Sarmento B
Abstract
PLGA nanoparticles are useful to protect and deliver proteins in a localized or targeted manner, with a long-term systemic delivery pattern intended to last for a period of time, depending on polymer bioerosion and biodegradability. However, the principal concern regarding these carriers is the hydrolytic instability of polymer in aqueous suspension. Freeze-drying is a commonly used method to stabilize nanoparticles, and cryoprotectants may be also used, to even increase its physical stability. The aim of the present wor...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Encapsulated stem cells for cancer therapy.
Authors: Shah K
Abstract
Stem cells have inherent tumor‑trophic migratory properties and can serve as vehicles for delivering effective, targeted therapy to isolated tumors and metastatic disease, making them promising anti‑cancer agents. Encapsulation of therapeutically engineered stem cells in hydrogels has been utilized to provide a physical barrier to protect the cells from hostile extrinsic factors and significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted stem cells in different models of cancer. This review aims to discuss the potential of different stem cell types for cancer therapy, va...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
Immunotherapeutic organoids: a new approach to cancer treatment.
Authors: Compte M, Nuñez-Prado N, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, several limitations of antibody-based treatments, such as the cost of therapy and the achievement of sustained plasma levels, should be still addressed for their widespread use as therapeutics. The use of cell and gene transfer methods offers additional benefits by producing a continuous release of the antibody with syngenic glycosylation patterns, which makes the antibody potentially less immunogenic. In vivo secretion of therapeut...
Source: Biomatter - November 20, 2015 Category: Biotechnology Tags: Biomatter Source Type: research
