Atypical Chordae Tendineae of the Canine (Canis familiaris) Right Atrioventricular Valve
Summary The canine right atrioventricular valve cusps are anchored to papillary muscles by chordae tendineae. During ventricular systole, these tendineae keep the cusps from being pushed into the atrium. While this is the general description for chordae tendineae, several researchers have briefly documented chordae tendineae in animal and human hearts that do not attach to papillary muscles. In the 39 canine hearts examined, atypical chordae tendineae were observed in two hearts. In both dogs, a single stranded chordae tendineae extended from the free edge of the parietal cusp of the right atrioventricular valve to the ven...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - March 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: L. A. Cope Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

In Vitro Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Components Aggrecan, Collagen Types I and II by Articular Cartilage‐Derived Chondrocytes
Summary The extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage is perfectly suited to transmit articular pressure load to the subchondral bone. Pressure is transferred by a high amount of aggrecan‐based proteoglycans and collagen type II fibres in particular. After any injury, the hyaline cartilage is replaced by fibrocartilage, which is low in proteoglycans and contains collagen type I predominantly. Until now, long‐term results of therapeutic procedures including cell‐based therapies like autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) lead to a replacement tissue meeting the composition of fibrocartilage. Therefore, it ...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - March 16, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Schneevoigt, C. Fabian, C. Leovsky, J. Seeger, M. Bahramsoltani Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The Hindlimb Myology of Tyto alba (Tytonidae, Strigiformes, Aves)
This study provides important information for future studies related to functional morphology and ecomorphology. (Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C)
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - February 1, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. C. Mosto Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Histamine Receptor Expression in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Dogs
Summary Histamine is an important mediator of many physiological processes including gastrointestinal function that acts via four different histamine receptors (H1R to H4R). Elevated histamine levels and increased HR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) have been shown in humans with gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or allergic intestinal diseases. As there is limited knowledge concerning the distribution of histamine receptors (HR) in dogs, one aim of this study was to investigate the expression of histamine 1 receptor (H1R), histamine 2 receptor (H2R) and histamine 4 receptor (H4R) in the canine g...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - February 1, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: U. Schwittlick, J. Junginger, K. Hahn, A. Habierski, M. Hewicker‐Trautwein Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Insight of Dogs' Inner Mandible Anatomy using Mathematical Models
This study was performed in a sample of 20 dogs (n = 20) and aimed to: (1) characterize the mandible height (Mh), mandibular canal height (MCh) and distance between the inter‐dental alveolar margin and the mandibular canal (dIAM‐MC) dimensions, and (2) to develop mathematical models that express the insight's mandible anatomy of those important mandible structural elements allowing the prediction of their dimensions using physical parameters such as patient body weight (Wg) and the canine tooth width at the free gingival margin level‐(wCGM). Lateral‐view X‐rays of both sides of the skull were taken for all the ...
Source: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia: Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C - February 1, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Santos, L. M. Carreira Tags: Original Article Source Type: research