AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the development of endothelial dysfunction
The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and thus identifying the underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction has important clinical implications. In this regard, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has recently emerged as an important regulator of metabolic processes. Dysfunction within the ER, broadly termed ER stress, evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway that aims to restore ER homeostasis. Although the UPR is the first line of defense against ER stress, chronic activation of the UPR leads to cell dysfunction and death and has recently been implicated in the pa...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Battson, M. L., Lee, D. M., Gentile, C. L. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

A pathogenic role of complement in arterial hypertension and hypertensive end organ damage
The self-amplifying cascade of messenger and effector molecules of the complement system serves as a powerful danger-sensing system that protects the host from a hostile microbial environment, while maintaining proper tissue and organ function through effective clearance of altered or dying cells. As an important effector arm of innate immunity, it also plays important roles in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Innate and adaptive immune responses have been identified as crucial players in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and hypertensive end organ damage. In line with this view, complement activation may drive...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wenzel, U. O., Bode, M., Köhl, J., Ehmke, H. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Corrigendum
(Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: CORRIGENDA Source Type: research

Influence of sympathetic nerve activity on aortic hemodynamics and pulse wave velocity in women
Central (aortic) blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and sympathetic nerve activity increase with age in women. However, it is unknown if the age-related increase in sympathetic activity influences aortic hemodynamics and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an index of central aortic stiffness. The goal of this study was to determine if aortic hemodynamics and cfPWV are directly influenced by sympathetic nerve activity by measuring aortic hemodynamics, cfPWV, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in women before and during autonomic ganglionic blockade with trimethaphan camsylate. We studied 12 young premen...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Harvey, R. E., Barnes, J. N., Hart, E. C. J., Nicholson, W. T., Joyner, M. J., Casey, D. P. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Chronic exposure to water-pipe smoke induces cardiovascular dysfunction in mice
Water-pipe tobacco smoking is becoming prevalent in all over the world including Western countries. There are limited data on the cardiovascular effects of water-pipe smoke (WPS), in particular following chronic exposure. Here, we assessed the chronic cardiovascular effects of nose-only WPS exposure in C57BL/6 mice. The duration of the session was 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 consecutive months. Control mice were exposed to air. WPS significantly increased systolic blood pressure. The relative heart weight and plasma concentrations of troponin-I and B-type natriuretic peptide were increased in mice exposed to WPS. Art...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nemmar, A., Al-Salam, S., Yuvaraju, P., Beegam, S., Yasin, J., Ali, B. H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Left and right ventricular hemodynamic forces in healthy volunteers and elite athletes assessed with 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging
Intracardiac blood flow is driven by hemodynamic forces that are exchanged between the blood and myocardium. Previous studies have been limited to 2D measurements or investigated only left ventricular (LV) forces. Right ventricular (RV) forces and their mechanistic contribution to asymmetric redirection of flow in the RV have not been measured. We therefore aimed to quantify 3D hemodynamic forces in both ventricles in a cohort of healthy subjects, using magnetic resonance imaging 4D flow measurements. Twenty five controls, 14 elite endurance athletes, and 2 patients with LV dyssynchrony were included. 4D flow data were use...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Arvidsson, P. M., Töger, J., Carlsson, M., Steding-Ehrenborg, K., Pedrizzetti, G., Heiberg, E., Arheden, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Activation of PPAR-{alpha} in the early stage of heart failure maintained myocardial function and energetics in pressure-overload heart failure
We examined the effect of PPAR-α induction during heart failure using the Tet-Off system. Eight weeks after the TAC operation, LV construction was preserved significantly by PPAR-α induction with an increase in PPAR-α-targeted genes related to fatty acid metabolism. The increase of expression of fibrosis-related genes was significantly attenuated by PPAR-α induction. Metabolic rates measured by isolated heart perfusions showed a reduction in FAO and glucose oxidation in TAC hearts, but the rate of FAO preserved significantly owing to the induction of PPAR-α. Myocardial high-energy phosphates w...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kaimoto, S., Hoshino, A., Ariyoshi, M., Okawa, Y., Tateishi, S., Ono, K., Uchihashi, M., Fukai, K., Iwai-Kanai, E., Matoba, S. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Type of supplemented simple sugar, not merely calorie intake, determines adverse effects on metabolism and aortic function in female rats
In conclusion, despite higher caloric intake in glucose-supplemented rats, fructose caused worse metabolic and vascular responses. This may be because of the elevated adiponectin level and the subsequent enhancement of PPARα and eNOS phosphorylation in glucose-supplemented rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study comparing the effects of glucose and fructose consumption on metabolic factors and aortic function in female rats. Our results show that, although total caloric consumption was higher in glucose-supplemented rats, fructose ingestion had a greater impact in inducing metabolic and aortic dysfunction....
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sangüesa, G., Shaligram, S., Akther, F., Roglans, N., Laguna, J. C., Rahimian, R., Alegret, M. Tags: Call for Papers: Metabolism, Cell Signaling, and Disease RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Sugar-sweetened beverages and vascular function: food for thought
(Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gopal, K., Ussher, J. R. Tags: Editorial Focus Source Type: research

Aging is associated with impaired angiogenesis, but normal microvascular network structure, in the rat mesentery
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aged microvascular networks are characterized by both fewer vessels and the impaired ability to undergo angiogenesis. Mesentery tissues from adult (9-mo) and aged (24-mo) male Fischer 344 rats were harvested and immunolabeled for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (an endothelial cell marker) according to two scenarios: unstimulated and stimulated. For unstimulated groups, tissues harvested from adult and aged rats were compared. For stimulated groups, tissues were harvested 3 or 10 days after compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation stimulation. Un...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sweat, R. S., Sloas, D. C., Stewart, S. A., Czarny-Ratajczak, M., Baddoo, M., Eastwood, J. R., Suarez-Martinez, A. D., Azimi, M. S., Burks, H. E., Chedister, L. O., Myers, L., Murfee, W. L. Tags: Call for Papers: Small Vessels Big Problems RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

L5-LDL from ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients induces IL-1{beta} production via LOX-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
In conclusion, L5-LDL induces IL-1β production in macrophages by activation of NF-B and caspase-1 through the LOX-1-dependent pathway. This study represents the evidence linking L5-LDL and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in STEMI, and identifies L5-LDL as a novel therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study represents the evidence linking L5-LDL and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying L5-LDL-induced production of IL-1β in macrophages. The results showed that L5-LDL ind...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yang, T.-C., Chang, P.-Y., Lu, S.-C. Tags: Call for Papers: Metabolism, Cell Signaling, and Disease RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Intrauterine growth restriction influences vascular remodeling and stiffening in the weanling rat more than sex or diet
We report intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases vascular stiffening in both male and female rats through increased collagen content and altered elastin structure more than a high-fat diet (HFD) alone. Our study shows the importance of stiffness supporting the hypothesis that there are physiologic differences and potential windows for early intervention targeting vascular remodeling mechanisms. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dodson, R. B., Miller, T. A., Powers, K., Yang, Y., Yu, B., Albertine, K. H., Zinkhan, E. K. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

PPAR{alpha} augments heart function and cardiac fatty acid oxidation in early experimental polymicrobial sepsis
Children with sepsis and multisystem organ failure have downregulated leukocyte gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor transcription factor that regulates inflammation and lipid metabolism. Mouse models of sepsis have likewise demonstrated that the absence of PPARα is associated with decreased survival and organ injury, specifically of the heart. Using a clinically relevant mouse model of early sepsis, we found that heart function increases in wild-type (WT) mice over the first 24 h of sepsis, but that mice lacking PPARα (Ppara–/&nda...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Standage, S. W., Bennion, B. G., Knowles, T. O., Ledee, D. R., Portman, M. A., McGuire, J. K., Liles, W. C., Olson, A. K. Tags: Energetics and Metabolism RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability mediates cerebroarterial dysfunction independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in a mouse model of Alzheimers disease
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebral arteries, in contrast to cerebral microvessels, show both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) -dependent and -independent vessel wall pathology. However, it remains unclear whether CAA-independent vessel wall pathology affects arterial function, thereby chronically reducing cerebral perfusion, and, if so, which mechanisms mediate this effect. To this end, we assessed the ex vivo vascular function of the basilar artery and a similar-sized peripheral artery (femoral artery) in the Swedish-Arctic (SweArc) transgenic AD mouse model at different disease stages. Furthermore, we used quan...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Merlini, M., Shi, Y., Keller, S., Savarese, G., Akhmedov, A., Derungs, R., Spescha, R. D., Kulic, L., Nitsch, R. M., Lüscher, T. F., Camici, G. G. Tags: Call for Papers: Advances in Cardiovascular Geroscience RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Chymase-dependent production of angiotensin II: an old enzyme in old hearts
In conclusion, local formation of Ang II is increased in aged hearts, and chymase is primarily responsible for this increase. Chronic exercise is able to normalize the age-dependent alterations via compromising chymase/Ang II/angiotensin type 1 receptor/Nox actions while promoting ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging increases angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-independent production of cardiac angiotensin II (Ang II), a response that is driven by chymase in an exercise-reversible manner. These findings highlight chymase, in addition to ACE, as an important therapeutic target in the treatment and preven...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Froogh, G., Pinto, J. T., Le, Y., Kandhi, S., Aleligne, Y., Huang, A., Sun, D. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research