Skeletal muscle glucose uptake during treadmill exercise in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-{mu} knockout mice
In conclusion, nNOSμ is not essential for skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise, and the higher skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise in nNOSμ–/– mice may be due to compensatory increases in AMPK activation. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hong, Y. H., Yang, C., Betik, A. C., Lee-Young, R. S., McConell, G. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The effects of microvesicles on endothelial progenitor cells are compromised in type 2 diabetic patients via downregulation of the miR-126/VEGFR2 pathway
In this study, the effects of cMVs and EPC-derived MVs (EPC-MVs) on EPC migration, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in healthy controls, well-controlled, and uncontrolled diabetic patients were investigated. The levels of miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in cMVs, EPC-MVs, and/or EPCs were analyzed. Moreover, miR-126 inhibitor or mimic was applied to EPCs to modulate the miR-126 level in EPC-MVs. We found the following: 1) the circulating EPC level was reduced but the circulating EPC-MV level increased in uncontrolled diabetic patients; 2) the cMVs and EPC-MVs of heal...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wu, K., Yang, Y., Zhong, Y., Ammar, H. M., Zhang, P., Guo, R., Liu, H., Cheng, C., Koroscil, T. M., Chen, Y., Liu, S., Bihl, J. C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
KBP-088, a novel DACRA with prolonged receptor activation, is superior to davalintide in terms of efficacy on body weight
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism behind the potent weight loss induced by dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRA) through comparison of the novel DACRA KBP-088 with the amylinomimetic davalintide with regard to in vitro receptor pharmacology and in vivo efficacy on food intake and body weight. KBP-088 and davalintide were tested for their ability to activate the amylin and calcitonin receptors as function of dose and time. Two doses of KBP-088 (1.67 and 5.0 μg/kg) were compared with similar davalintide doses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats receiving subcutaneous dosing once daily for 62 days. Gluc...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gydesen, S., Andreassen, K. V., Hjuler, S. T., Christensen, J. M., Karsdal, M. A., Henriksen, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Elevated G{alpha}11 expression in osteoblast lineage cells promotes osteoclastogenesis and leads to enhanced trabecular bone accrual in response to pamidronate
In conclusion, overexpression of Gα11 in osteoblastic cells promotes osteoclastogenesis by upregulation of Rankl and M-csf and bone loss by increased osteoclast resorption of the trabecular bone and cartilaginous matrix. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dela Cruz, A., Grynpas, M. D., Mitchell, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors under epigenetic control in placental metabolism and fetal development
The placental metabolism can adapt to the environment throughout pregnancy to both the demands of the fetus and the signals from the mother. Such adaption processes include epigenetic mechanisms, which alter gene expression and may influence the offspring's health. These mechanisms are linked to the diversity of prenatal environmental exposures, including maternal under- or overnutrition or gestational diabetes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that contribute to the developmental plasticity of the placenta by regulating lipid and glucose metabolism pathways, including lipogenes...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lendvai, A., Deutsch, M. J., Plösch, T., Ensenauer, R. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Corrigendum
(Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
Neuregulin-1{beta} promotes glucose uptake via PI3K/Akt in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes via ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers, PI3Kα, and Akt. Furthermore, although Nrg1β activates mTORC2, the resulting Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation is not essential for glucose uptake induction. These new insights into pathways whereby Nrg1β regulates glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes may contribute to the understanding of its regenerative capacity and protective function in heart failure. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pentassuglia, L., Heim, P., Lebboukh, S., Morandi, C., Xu, L., Brink, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The incretin effect in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes: impaired or intact?
The incretin effect reflects the actions of enteral stimuli to promote prandial insulin secretion. Impairment of this measure has been proposed as an early marker of β-cell dysfunction and described in T2D, IGT, and even obesity without IGT. We sought to determine the effects of obesity and diabetes on the incretin effect in young subjects with short exposures to metabolic abnormalities and a few other confounding medical conditions. Subjects with T2D (n = 10; 18.0 ± 0.4 yr) or NGT, either obese (n = 11; 17.7 ± 0.4 yr) or lean (n = 8; 26.5 ± 2.3 yr), had OGTT and iso-iv. The incretin effect was ca...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aulinger, B. A., Vahl, T. P., Prigeon, R. L., D'Alessio, D. A., Elder, D. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Skeletal inflammation and attenuation of Wnt signaling, Wnt ligand expression, and bone formation in atherosclerotic ApoE-null mice
ApoE-null (ApoE-KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) develop atherosclerosis, due in part to activation of vascular inflammation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Since bone loss also occurs in these mice, we used them to investigate the impact of oxidized lipids on bone homeostasis and to search for underlying pathogenic pathways. Four-month-old female ApoE-KO mice fed a HFD for three months exhibited increased levels of oxidized lipids in bone, as well as decreased femoral and vertebral trabecular and cortical bone mass, compared with ApoE-KO mice on normal diet. Despite HFD-induced increase in expression of Alox15, a l...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Liu, Y., Almeida, M., Weinstein, R. S., O'Brien, C. A., Manolagas, S. C., Jilka, R. L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Heightened TWEAK-NF-{kappa}B signaling and inflammation-associated fibrosis in paralyzed muscles of men with chronic spinal cord injury
Individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury (SCI) often present with extreme muscle atrophy and impaired glucose metabolism at both the skeletal muscle and whole body level. Persistent inflammation and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the skeletal muscle are potential contributors to dysregulation of glucose metabolism and atrophy; however, to date no study has assessed the effects of long-standing SCI on their expression or intracellular signaling in the paralyzed muscle. In the present study, we assessed the expression of genes (TNFαR, TNFα, IL-6R, IL-6, TWEAK, TWEAK R, atrogin-1, and Mu...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yarar-Fisher, C., Bickel, C. S., Kelly, N. A., Stec, M. J., Windham, S. T., McLain, A. B., Oster, R. A., Bamman, M. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Glucagon-like peptide-1 does not have acute effects on central or renal hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes without nephropathy
In conclusion, acute administration of GLP-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes leads to a positive chronotropic effect, but in contrast to healthy individuals, cardiac output does not increase in patients with type 2 diabetes. Renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion are not affected. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Asmar, A., Simonsen, L., Asmar, M., Madsbad, S., Holst, J. J., Frandsen, E., Moro, C., Sorensen, C. M., Jonassen, T., Bülow, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
miR-1273g-3p participates in acute glucose fluctuation-induced autophagy, dysfunction, and proliferation attenuation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
In this study, the functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were compared after treatment with sustained high glucose (SHG), AGF in two groups (AGF1 fluctuations between 5 and 16 mM and AGF2 fluctuations between 5 and 25 mM), and normal glucose levels as a control group (CTR). The medium of the groups was changed every 4 h. The influence of AGF on wound healing was also tested on C57BL/6 mice. The results show that cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration functions were injured in the SHG and both AGF groups. AGF2 group shows the worse condition in vitro. In vivo, the wound healing was delayed af...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Guo, J., Sang, Y., Yin, T., Wang, B., Yang, W., Li, X., Li, H., Kang, Y. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research
Estradiol modulates myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation and contractility in skeletal muscle of female mice
Impairment of skeletal muscle function has been associated with changes in ovarian hormones, especially estradiol. To elucidate mechanisms of estradiol on skeletal muscle strength, the hormone's effects on phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (pRLC) and muscle contractility were investigated, hypothesizing an estradiol-specific beneficial impact. In a skeletal muscle cell line, C2C12, pRLC was increased by 17β-estradiol (E2) in a concentration-dependent manner. In skeletal muscles of C57BL/6 mice that were E2 deficient via ovariectomy (OVX), pRLC was lower than that from ovary-intact, sham-operated mic...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lai, S., Collins, B. C., Colson, B. A., Kararigas, G., Lowe, D. A. Tags: Call for Papers Source Type: research
Measurement of {beta}-oxidation capacity of biological samples by respirometry: a review of principles and substrates
Oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of energy in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It can be measured accurately using respirometry in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and permeabilized cells or tissues. This technique directly measures the rate of oxygen consumption or flux at various respiratory states when appropriate substrates, uncouplers, and inhibitors are used. Acylcarnitines such as palmitoylcarnitine or octanoylcarnitine are the commonly used substrates. The β-oxidation pathway is prone to feedforward inhibition resulting from accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoA and depletion of CoA, but inc...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ojuka, E., Andrew, B., Bezuidenhout, N., George, S., Maarman, G., Madlala, H. P., Mendham, A., Osiki, P. O. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during long-term continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth in term neonatal pigs
Neonatal pigs are used as a model to study and optimize the clinical treatment of infants who are unable to maintain oral feeding. Using this model, we have shown previously that pulsatile administration of leucine during continuous feeding over 24 h via orogastric tube enhanced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle compared with continuous feeding alone. To determine the long-term effects of leucine pulses, neonatal piglets (n = 11–12/group) were continuously fed formula via orogastric tube for 21 days, with an additional parenteral infusion of either leucine (CON + LEU; 800 μmol·kg–1·h–1...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Boutry, C., El-Kadi, S. W., Suryawan, A., Steinhoff-Wagner, J., Stoll, B., Orellana, R. A., Nguyen, H. V., Kimball, S. R., Fiorotto, M. L., Davis, T. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
