A sandwich ELISA for measurement of the primary glucagon-like peptide-1 metabolite
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted from the gastrointestinal tract. It is best known for its glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects. GLP-1 is secreted in its intact (active) form (7–36NH2) but is rapidly degraded by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme, converting >90% to the primary metabolite (9–36NH2) before reaching the targets via the circulation. Although originally thought to be inactive or antagonistic, GLP-1 9–36NH2 may have independent actions, and it is therefore relevant to be able to measure it. Because reliable assays were not available, we developed a ...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wewer Albrechtsen, N. J., Asmar, A., Jensen, F., Törang, S., Simonsen, L., Kuhre, R. E., Asmar, M., Veedfald, S., Plamboeck, A., Knop, F. K., Vilsboll, T., Madsbad, S., Nauck, M. A., Deacon, C. F., Bülow, J., Holst, J. J., Hartmann, B. Tags: Innovative Methodology Source Type: research
Glucose autoregulation is the dominant component of the hormone-independent counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in the conscious dog
In conclusion, even in the absence of increases in counterregulatory hormones, the body can defend itself against hypoglycemia using glucose autoregulation and increased neural efferent signaling, both of which stimulate hepatic glucose production and limit glucose utilization. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gregory, J. M., Rivera, N., Kraft, G., Winnick, J. J., Farmer, B., Allen, E. J., Donahue, E. P., Smith, M. S., Edgerton, D. S., Williams, P. E., Cherrington, A. D. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Glucagons effect on liver protein metabolism in vivo
In conclusion, the rise in glucagon associated with a protein-rich meal promotes a catabolic utilization of AA in the liver, thereby, opposing the storage of AA in proteins. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kraft, G., Coate, K. C., Winnick, J. J., Dardevet, D., Donahue, E. P., Cherrington, A. D., Williams, P. E., Moore, M. C. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Reply to Letter to the Editor: "The art of quantifying glucose metabolism"
(Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 9, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang, S.-P., Satapati, S., Daurio, N. A., Kelley, D. E., Previs, S. F. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
The art of quantifying glucose metabolism
(Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 9, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: van Dijk, T. H., Reijngoud, D., Kuipers, F. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
High-intensity interval training and calorie restriction promote remodeling of glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity
Calorie restriction (CR) decreases adiposity, but the magnitude and defense of weight loss is less than predicted due to reductions in total daily energy expenditure (TEE). The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would increase markers of sympathetic activation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and rescue CR-mediated reductions in EE to a greater extent than moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIT). Thirty-two 5-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on ad libitum HFD for 11 wk, followed by randomization to one of four groups (n = 8/group) for an additi...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 9, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Davis, R. A. H., Halbrooks, J. E., Watkins, E. E., Fisher, G., Hunter, G. R., Nagy, T. R., Plaisance, E. P. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
The intestinal-renal axis for arginine synthesis is present and functional in the neonatal pig
In conclusion, the intestinal-renal axis for arginine synthesis is present in the neonatal pig. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 9, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Marini, J. C., Agarwal, U., Robinson, J. L., Yuan, Y., Didelija, I. C., Stoll, B., Burrin, D. G. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
The NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to sarcopenia and lower muscle glycolytic potential in old mice
The mechanisms underpinning decreased skeletal muscle strength and slowing of movement during aging are ill-defined. "Inflammaging," increased inflammation with advancing age, may contribute to aspects of sarcopenia, but little is known about the participatory immune components. We discovered that aging was associated with increased caspase-1 activity in mouse skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that the caspase-1-containing NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to sarcopenia in mice. Male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and NLRP3–/– mice were aged to 10 (adult) and 24 mo (old). NLRP3–/– mice were protected from decr...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: McBride, M. J., Foley, K. P., DSouza, D. M., Li, Y. E., Lau, T. C., Hawke, T. J., Schertzer, J. D. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Development of diabetes does not alter behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms in a transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
We report that circadian activity, light-induced entrainment, molecular clockwork, as well as melatonin secretion are preserved in the HIP rat model of T2DM. These results suggest that despite the well-characterized ability of glucose to modulate circadian clock gene expression acutely in vitro, SCN clock function and key behavioral and physiological outputs appear to be preserved under chronic diabetic conditions characteristic of nonobese T2DM. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Qian, J., Thomas, A. P., Schroeder, A. M., Rakshit, K., Colwell, C. S., Matveyenko, A. V. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Hepatic FGF21 mediates sex differences in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced fatty liver
The role of gender in the progression of fatty liver due to chronic high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) has not been studied. The present investigation assessed whether HFFD induced hepatic perturbations differently between the sexes and examined the potential mechanisms. Male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or HFFD for 12 wk. Indexes of liver damage and hepatic steatosis were analyzed biochemically and histologically together with monitoring changes in hepatic gene and protein expression. HFFD induced a higher degree of hepatic steatosis in females, with significant incr...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chukijrungroat, N., Khamphaya, T., Weerachayaphorn, J., Songserm, T., Saengsirisuwan, V. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery enhances contraction-mediated glucose metabolism in primary human myotubes
Contractile activity (e.g., exercise) evokes numerous metabolic adaptations in human skeletal muscle, including enhanced insulin action and substrate oxidation. However, there is intersubject variation in the physiological responses to exercise, which may be linked with factors such as the degree of obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery reduces body mass in severely obese (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2) individuals; however, it is uncertain whether RYGB can potentiate responses to contractile activity in this potentially exercise-resistant population. To examine possible interactions between RYGB and contractile...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hinkley, J. M., Zou, K., Park, S., Turner, K., Zheng, D., Houmard, J. A. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways
In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the Npc1 gene interacts with a HFD to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 2, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Castillo, J. J., Jelinek, D., Wei, H., Gannon, N. P., Vaughan, R. A., Horwood, L. J., Meaney, F. J., Garcia-Smith, R., Trujillo, K. A., Heidenreich, R. A., Meyre, D., Orlando, R. A., LeBoeuf, R. C., Garver, W. S. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Fatty acid uptake and blood flow in adipose tissue compartments of morbidly obese subjects with or without type 2 diabetes: effects of bariatric surgery
Body fat accumulation, distribution, and metabolic activity are factors in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated adipose blood flow, fatty acid uptake (FAU), and subcutaneous and visceral fat cellularity in obese patients with or without T2D. A total of 23 morbidly obese (mean body mass index = 42 kg/m2) patients were studied before and 6 mo after bariatric surgery; 15 nonobese subjects served as controls. Positron emission tomography was used to measure tissue FAU (with 18F-FTHA) and blood flow (with H215O); MRI was used for fat distribution and fat biopsy for adipocyte size. Obese subj...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dadson, P., Ferrannini, E., Landini, L., Hannukainen, J. C., Kalliokoski, K. K., Vaittinen, M., Honka, H., Karlsson, H. K., Tuulari, J. J., Soinio, M., Salminen, P., Parkkola, R., Pihlajamäki, J., Iozzo, P., Nuutila, P. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Cholestyramine treatment of healthy humans rapidly induces transient hypertriglyceridemia when treatment is initiated
Bile acid (BA) production in mice is regulated by hepatic farnesoid X receptors and by intestinal fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-15 (in humans, FGF-19), a suppressor of BA synthesis that also reduces serum triglycerides and glucose. Cholestyramine treatment reduces FGF-19 and induces BA synthesis, whereas plasma triglycerides may increase from unclear reasons. We explored whether FGF-19 may suppress BA synthesis and plasma triglycerides in humans by modulation of FGF-19 levels through long-term cholestyramine treatment at increasing doses. In a second acute experiment, metabolic responses from 1 day of cholestyramine treat...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sjöberg, B. G., Straniero, S., Angelin, B., Rudling, M. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Menin and PRMT5 suppress GLP1 receptor transcript and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 and CREB
In conclusion, our results suggest that menin and PRMT5 suppress GLP1R transcript levels and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 and CREB, and a menin inhibitor may reverse this suppression to induce β-cell proliferation. (Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Muhammad, A. B., Xing, B., Liu, C., Naji, A., Ma, X., Simmons, R. A., Hua, X. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
