Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI < sub > 0 < /sub >
Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, is known to change instantaneously with changes in blood pressure. In this mini-review, we discuss two main approaches for handling the blood pressure dependence of PWV: (1) converting PWV into a pressure-independent index, and (2) correcting PWV per se for the pressure dependence. Under option 1, we focus on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). CAVI is essentially a form of stiffness index β - CAVI is estimated for a (heart-to-ankle) trajectory, whereas β is estimated for a single artery from pressure and diameter measurements. Stiffness index β, and therefore a...
Source: Pulse - September 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated with Lower Pulse Pressure Amplification: Role of Obesity
Conclusion: Larger controlled studies are needed to provide a more detailed insight into the relation between HRV and pulse pressure amplification and to determine which pathways are differentially activated in lean and obese subjects.Pulse 2017;5:99-105 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - September 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Associations between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Stiffness: A Prospective Analysis Based on the Maine-Syracuse Study
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus status and the gold standard non-invasive method for ascertaining arterial stiffness, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity.Methods: The prospective analysis employed 508 community-dwelling participants (mean age 61 years, 60% women) from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study. Pulse wave velocity at wave 7 (2006-2010) was compared between those with type 2 diabetes mellitus at wave 6 (2001-2006) (n = 52) and non-diabetics at wave 6 (n = 456), with adjustment for demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors and l...
Source: Pulse - August 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Enhanced Aortic Pressure Wave Reflection in Patients with Aortic Coarctation after Aortic Arch Repair
Background: In patients with aortic coarctation after successful aortic arch repair, it is well known that early-onset cardiovascular diseases can develop.Summary: We studied the pressure waveform in patients after aortic arch repair focusing on a pressure wave reflection. In patients after aortic arch repair, the repaired portion generates a new reflected pressure wave. As a result, the newly generated pressure wave causes aortic pressure augmentation, loss of pressure amplification, and left ventricular hypertrophy with fibrosis. Balloon dilatation of the aortic arch may also generate a new pressure wave reflection.Key M...
Source: Pulse - August 10, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Various Indices of Arterial Stiffness: Are They Closely Related or Distinctly Different?
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are a number of techniques and devices that have been developed and utilized to capture the information pertaining to the elasticity of the blood vessel. Almost all the available indices of arterial stiffness are known to increase with advancing age and are elevated in the presence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. It is not known how closely these different measures of arterial stiffness are related to each other. Available evidence indicates that arterial stiffness indices that share a homogeneous methodology appear to demonstrat...
Source: Pulse - May 2, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Pulse of Asia 2017 Taipei. May 5-6, 2017, Taipei, Taiwan: Abstracts
Pulse 2017;5:7-81 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - May 2, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Various Indices of Arterial Stiffness: Are They Closely Related or Distinctly Different
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are a number of techniques and devices that have been developed and utilized to capture the information pertaining to the elasticity of the blood vessel. Almost all the available indices of arterial stiffness are known to increase with advancing age and are elevated in the presence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. It is not known how closely these different measures of arterial stiffness are related to each other. Available evidence indicates that arterial stiffness indices that share a homogeneous methodology appear to demonstrat...
Source: Pulse - April 11, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 4, 2016
Pulse 2016;4:I-IV (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - January 12, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Title Page / Table of Contents
Pulse 2016;4(suppl 1):I-IV (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Clinical Application of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Asymptomatic Healthy Koreans
Background: Arterial stiffness has been established as a surrogate marker for the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is also a predictor of future cardiovascular events, and is the earliest detectable manifestation of adverse structural and functional changes to blood vessel walls.Summary and Key Messages: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an index representing the stiffness of the entire arterial segments from the aorta to the ankle independent of the blood pressure at the time of the measurement. This paper provides an overview of the clinical application of arterial stiffness measurement by ...
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Protocol for Evaluating the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index to Predict Cardiovascular Events in Japan: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of using CAVI as a predictor of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.Methods and Design: This prospective multicenter study to evaluate the usefulness of the CAVI to predict cardiovascular events in Japan (CAVI-J) is a cohort study with central registration. Participants (n = 3,000) will be scheduled to enroll and data will be collected for up to 5 years from entry of participants into the study. To be eligible to participate in the CAVI-J study, individuals have to be aged between 40 and 74 years and have at least one of the following risk factors for arterios...
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in a Thai Population
Arterial stiffness as measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a widely available method in Thailand. Data from a large cross-sectional study revealed a significant correlation of CAVI and the presence of coronary artery disease as detected from 64-slice coronary computed tomography arteriography. Futhermore, CAVI was shown to predict long-term cardiovascular events in the patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk.Pulse 2016;4(suppl 1):8-10 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Arterial Stiffness: Recommendations and Standardization
The use of arterial stiffness measurements in longitudinal cohorts of normal populations, hypertensive patients, diabetic patients, healthy elderly, and patients on hemodialysis have confirmed the value of this important measure of arterial health, and established its complementary role to measures of blood pressure. Its contribution to understanding cardiovascular and mortality risk beyond blood pressure measurements has moved measures of arterial stiffness into the ranks of factors such as elevated cholesterol, diabetes, and left ventricular hypertrophy in considering cardiovascular risk. The recent international collabo...
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
New Epoch for Arterial Stiffness Measurement in the Clinic
Pulse 2016;4(suppl 1):1-2 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - December 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
A Comparative Study on Skin and Plasma Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Associations with Arterial Stiffness
Conclusions: Although skin and plasma AGEs were similarly associated with gender and diabetes or prediabetes, they might measure something different and have different clinical relevance, such as for arterial stiffness.Pulse 2016;4:208-218 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - December 21, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
