Association of Haemodynamic Indices of Central and Peripheral Pressure with Subclinical Target Organ Damage
Background: Central aortic pressure has often been shown to be more closely associated with markers of vascular function and incidence of cardiovascular events compared to peripheral pressure. However, the potential clinical use of central aortic or peripheral haemodynamic indices as markers of target organ damage (TOD) has not been fully established.Methods: We evaluated associations of TOD with central aortic and peripheral haemodynamic indices (central aortic [cPP] and peripheral pulse pressure [pPP], central aortic augmentation index, and central and peripheral waveform factor) in 770 hospital inpatients (age 60 ± 10 ...
Source: Pulse - November 24, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Vascular Aging and Cognitive Dysfunction: Silent Midlife Crisis in the Brain
Background: Vascular aging may cause cerebral microvascular damage and cognitive dysfunction. There is incremental evidence that consistently implicates arterial stiffness being involved in the manifestation of cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, few investigations have examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment in midlife.Summary: Past studies inconsistently showed improved cognitive outcomes after antihypertensive therapy in elderly populations. Nevertheless, recent findings revealed that blood-pressure-lowering treatment in young adults might eliminate or halt the progression...
Source: Pulse - October 26, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Various Indices of Arterial Stiffness: Are They Closely Related or Distinctly Different?
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are a number of techniques and devices that have been developed and utilized to capture the information pertaining to the elasticity of the blood vessel. Almost all the available indices of arterial stiffness are known to increase with advancing age and are elevated in the presence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. It is not known how closely these different measures of arterial stiffness are related to each other. Available evidence indicates that arterial stiffness indices that share a homogeneous methodology appear to demonstrat...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Pulse of Asia 2017 Taipei. May 5-6, 2017, Taipei, Taiwan: Abstracts
Pulse 2017;5:7-81 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Enhanced Aortic Pressure Wave Reflection in Patients with Aortic Coarctation after Aortic Arch Repair
Background: In patients with aortic coarctation after successful aortic arch repair, it is well known that early-onset cardiovascular diseases can develop.Summary: We studied the pressure waveform in patients after aortic arch repair focusing on a pressure wave reflection. In patients after aortic arch repair, the repaired portion generates a new reflected pressure wave. As a result, the newly generated pressure wave causes aortic pressure augmentation, loss of pressure amplification, and left ventricular hypertrophy with fibrosis. Balloon dilatation of the aortic arch may also generate a new pressure wave reflection.Key M...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Associations between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Stiffness: A Prospective Analysis Based on the Maine-Syracuse Study
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus status and the gold standard non-invasive method for ascertaining arterial stiffness, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity.Methods: The prospective analysis employed 508 community-dwelling participants (mean age 61 years, 60% women) from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study. Pulse wave velocity at wave 7 (2006-2010) was compared between those with type 2 diabetes mellitus at wave 6 (2001-2006) (n = 52) and non-diabetics at wave 6 (n = 456), with adjustment for demographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors and l...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Options for Dealing with Pressure Dependence of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Arterial Stiffness: An Update of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and CAVI0
Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, is known to change instantaneously with changes in blood pressure. In this mini-review, we discuss two main approaches for handling the blood pressure dependence of PWV: (1) converting PWV into a pressure-independent index, and (2) correcting PWV per se for the pressure dependence. Under option 1, we focus on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). CAVI is essentially a form of stiffness index β - CAVI is estimated for a (heart-to-ankle) trajectory, whereas β is estimated for a single artery from pressure and diameter measurements. Stiffness index β, and therefore a...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated with Lower Pulse Pressure Amplification: Role of Obesity
Conclusion: Larger controlled studies are needed to provide a more detailed insight into the relation between HRV and pulse pressure amplification and to determine which pathways are differentially activated in lean and obese subjects.Pulse 2017;5:99-105 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Logical Management of Aortic Coarctation
Pulse 2017;5:115-116 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Aortic-Brachial Pulse Wave Velocity Ratio: A Measure of Arterial Stiffness Gradient Not Affected by Mean Arterial Pressure
Background: Aortic stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), is used for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. This mini-review describes the nonlinear relationship between cf-PWV and operational blood pressure, presents the proposed methods to adjust for this relationship, and discusses a potential place for aortic-brachial PWV ratio (a measure of arterial stiffness gradient) as a blood pressure-independent measure of vascular aging.Summary: PWV is inherently dependent on the operational blood pressure. In cross-sectional studies, PWV adjustment for mean arterial pressure (MAP) is preferred, bu...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Pressure Amplification: Lessons from Diabetic Patients
Pulse 2017;5:125-126 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Vascular Aging and Cognitive Dysfunction: Silent Midlife Crisis in the Brain?
Background: Vascular aging may cause cerebral microvascular damage and cognitive dysfunction. There is incremental evidence that consistently implicates arterial stiffness being involved in the manifestation of cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, few investigations have examined the relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment in midlife.Summary: Past studies inconsistently showed improved cognitive outcomes after antihypertensive therapy in elderly populations. Nevertheless, recent findings revealed that blood-pressure-lowering treatment in young adults might eliminate or halt the progression...
Source: Pulse - October 25, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Pressure Amplification: Lessons from Diabetic Patients
Pulse 2017;5:125-126 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - October 24, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Aortic-Brachial Pulse Wave Velocity Ratio: A Measure of Arterial Stiffness Gradient Not Affected by Mean Arterial Pressure
Background: Aortic stiffness, measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), is used for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. This mini-review describes the nonlinear relationship between cf-PWV and operational blood pressure, presents the proposed methods to adjust for this relationship, and discusses a potential place for aortic-brachial PWV ratio (a measure of arterial stiffness gradient) as a blood pressure-independent measure of vascular aging.Summary: PWV is inherently dependent on the operational blood pressure. In cross-sectional studies, PWV adjustment for mean arterial pressure (MAP) is preferred, bu...
Source: Pulse - October 18, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Logical Management of Aortic Coarctation
Pulse 2017;5:115-116 (Source: Pulse)
Source: Pulse - September 26, 2017 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
