Pangenomics Comes of Age: From Bacteria to Plant and Animal Applications
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Agnieszka A. Golicz, Philipp E. Bayer, Prem L. Bhalla, Jacqueline Batley, David EdwardsThe pangenome refers to a collection of genomic sequence found in the entire species or population rather than in a single individual; the sequence can be core, present in all individuals, or accessory (variable or dispensable), found in a subset of individuals only. While pangenomic studies were first undertaken in bacterial species, developments in genome sequencing and assembly approaches have allowed construction of pangenomes for eukaryotic organ...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Unknown to Known: Advancing Knowledge of Coral Gene Function
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Phillip A. Cleves, Alexander Shumaker, JunMo Lee, Hollie M. Putnam, Debashish BhattacharyaGiven the catastrophic changes befalling coral reefs, understanding coral gene function is essential to advance reef conservation. This has proved challenging due to the paucity of genomic data and genetic tools available for corals. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was applied to these species; however, a major bottleneck is the identification and prioritization of candidate genes for manipulation. This issue is exacerbated by the many unknown (...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Editorial Board and Contents
Publication date: January 2020Source: Trends in Genetics, Volume 36, Issue 1Author(s): (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 17, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
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Publication date: January 2020Source: Trends in Genetics, Volume 36, Issue 1Author(s): (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 17, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Ubiquitously Expressed Proteins and Restricted Phenotypes: Exploring Cell-Specific Sensitivities to Impaired tRNA Charging
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Molly E. Kuo, Anthony AntonellisAminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids. Variants in genes encoding ARS enzymes lead to myriad human inherited diseases. First, missense alleles cause dominant peripheral neuropathy. Second, missense, nonsense, and frameshift alleles cause recessive multisystem disorders that differentially affect tissues depending on which ARS is mutated. A preponderance of evidence has shown that both phenotypic classes are associated with ...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 14, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
New Roles for Canonical Transcription Factors in Repeat Expansion Diseases
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Lindsey D. Goodman, Nancy M. BoniniThe presence of microsatellite repeat expansions within genes is associated with>30 neurological diseases. Of interest, (GGGGCC)>30-repeats within C9orf72 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). These expansions can be 100s to 1000s of units long. Thus, it is perplexing how RNA-polymerase II (RNAPII) can successfully transcribe them. Recent investigations focusing on GGGGCC-transcription have identified specific, canonical complexes that may promote RNAP...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 12, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Rosa spp.
Publication date: Available online 10 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Jeremy Just, Mohammed Bendahmane (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 12, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Emerging Role of C/EBPβ and Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Ageing
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Christof Niehrs, Cornelis F. CalkhovenChanges in epigenetic DNA methylation are the most promising predictor of biological age and lifespan in humans, but whether methylation changes affect ageing is unresolved. Here, we discuss converging data, which indicate that one mode by which aberrant DNA methylation can affect ageing is via CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ). This basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) transcription factor is controlled by the lifespan regulator mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and pla...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 8, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The Bivalent Genome: Characterization, Structure, and Regulation
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Enrique Blanco, Mar González-Ramírez, Anna Alcaine-Colet, Sergi Aranda, Luciano Di CroceAn intricate molecular machinery is at the core of gene expression regulation in every cell. During the initial stages of organismal development, the coordinated activation of diverse transcriptional programs is crucial and must be carefully executed to shape every organ and tissue. Bivalent promoters and poised enhancers are regulatory regions decorated with histone marks that are associated with both positive and negative transcriptional outcomes....
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 8, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The Biogenesis and Precise Control of RNA m6A Methylation
Publication date: Available online 4 December 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Huilin Huang, Hengyou Weng, Jianjun ChenN6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in mRNA, and has been found to be highly conserved and hard-coded in mammals and other eukaryotic species. The importance of m6A for gene expression regulation and cell fate decisions has been well acknowledged in the past few years. However, it was only until recently that the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and specificity of m6A modification in cells were uncovered. We review up-to-date knowledge on the biogenesis of t...
Source: Trends in Genetics - December 5, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Population Genetics in the Human Microbiome
Publication date: Available online 25 November 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Nandita R. Garud, Katherine S. PollardWhile the human microbiome’s structure and function have been extensively studied, its within-species genetic diversity is less well understood. However, genetic mutations in the microbiome can confer biomedically relevant traits, such as the ability to extract nutrients from food, metabolize drugs, evade antibiotics, and communicate with the host immune system. The population genetic processes by which these traits evolve are complex, in part due to interacting ecological and evolutionary forces ...
Source: Trends in Genetics - November 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Evolution of Immune Sexual Dimorphism in Response to Placental Invasiveness: A Response to Natri et al.
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Shirley Greenbaum, Gili Greenbaum (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - November 19, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Endogenous Retroviruses and the Pregnancy Compensation Hypothesis: A Reply to David
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Heini Natri, Angela R. Garcia, Kenneth H. Buetow, Benjamin C. Trumble, Melissa A. Wilson (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - November 19, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Asymmetric Histone Inheritance in Asymmetrically Dividing Stem Cells
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Matthew Wooten, Rajesh Ranjan, Xin ChenEpigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in determining distinct cell fates during the development of multicellular organisms. Histone proteins represent crucial epigenetic components that help specify cell identities. Previous work has demonstrated that during the asymmetric cell division of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited, such that pre-existing (old) histones are segregated towards the self-renewing GSC whereas newly synthesized (new...
Source: Trends in Genetics - November 19, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda)
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Trends in GeneticsAuthor(s): Fuwen Wei, Huizhong Fan, Yibo Hu (Source: Trends in Genetics)
Source: Trends in Genetics - November 13, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
