Development of measures assessing attitudes toward contraband tobacco among a web-based sample of smokers
Conclusions:
Understanding the mechanisms associated with CT attitudes and purchase behaviors may provide insight for how to mitigate possible iatrogenic consequences of newly implemented regulations. The measures developed here elucidate some elements that influence attitudes and purchase intentions for CT and may inform policy efforts to curtail the development of illicit markets. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - March 27, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sarah AdkisonRichard O¿ConnorMichael ChaitonRobert Schwartz Source Type: research
Comparison between cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema
Background and objectiveEmphysema is the main pathological feature of COPD and also is the focus of the related research. Although several emphysema animal models have been established, exact comparison of findings is seldom. The present study aimed to compare cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced emphysema model and intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysema model to evaluate the effectiveness of the two different modeling methods.
Methods:
Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were used and randomly divided into two groups: CS exposure and intraperitoneal injection of CSE. Each group was sub...
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - March 25, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Zhi-Hui HePing ChenYan ChenSheng-Dong HeJi-Ru YeHong-Liang ZhangJun Cao Source Type: research
E-cigarettes versus NRT for smoking reduction or cessation in people with mental illness: secondary analysis of data from the ASCEND trial
Conclusions:
The use of e-cigarettes for quitting appears to be equally effective, safe, and acceptable for people with and without mental illness. For people with mental illness, e-cigarettes may be as effective and safe as patches, yet more acceptable, and associated with greater smoking reduction.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical trials Registry, number: ACTRN12610000866000. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - March 24, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Brigid O¿BrienOliver Knight-WestNatalie WalkerVarsha ParagChristopher Bullen Source Type: research
Evaluation and costs of volunteer telephone cessation follow-up counseling for Veteran smokers discharged from inpatient units: a quasi-experimental, mixed methods study
Background:
The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to evaluate the volunteer telephone smoking cessation counseling follow-up program implemented as part of the inpatient Tobacco Tactics intervention in a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital.
Methods:
This was a quasi-experimental, mixed methods design that collected data through electronic medical records (EMR), observations of telephone smoking cessation counseling calls, interviews with staff and Veterans involved in the program, and intervention costs.
Results:
Reach: Of the 131 Veterans referred to the smoking cessati...
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - February 5, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Sonia DuffyLee EwingSamantha LouzonDavid RonisNeil JordanMolly Harrod Source Type: research
Positive and instructive anti-smoking messages speak to older smokers: a focus group study
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that messages with a positive frame that outline immediate and long-term benefits of cessation would be an effective approach for long-term smokers.Current anti-tobacco messaging was generally not seen as effective for smoking cessation among long-term smokers. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - January 24, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Janine CataldoMary HunterAnne PetersenNicolas Sheon Source Type: research
Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells
Conclusions:
WCS exposure could modulate expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells, establishing a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides. The present results may give a new perspective to investigate smoking-related local defense suppression and oral disease occurrence. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - January 24, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Wen-mei WangPei YeYa-jie QianYa-fan GaoJing-jing LiFang-fang SunWei-yun ZhangXiang Wang Source Type: research
Scratching the surface ¿ tobacco-induced bacterial biofilms
Individual environmental factors, such as iron, temperature and oxygen are known to have a profound effect on bacterial phenotype. Therefore, it is surprising so little known is about the influence of chemically complex cigarette smoke on bacterial physiology. Recent evidence has demonstrated that tobacco smoke and components alter the bacterial surface and promote biofilm formation in several important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the relevance to increased susc...
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - January 16, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Justin HutchersonDavid ScottJuhi Bagaitkar Source Type: research
Medical care costs incurred by patients with smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer treated at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
Conclusions:
The medical care costs of lung cancer attributable to smoking represent a high cost both for INCan and the Mexican health sector. These costs could be reduced if all provisions established in the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control of the World Health Organization were implemented in Mexico. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - December 30, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Oscar ArrietaRoger Quintana-CarrilloGabriel Ahumada-CurielJose Corona-CruzElma Correa-AcevedoJuan Zinser-SierraDolores de la Mata-MoyaAlejandro Mohar-BetancourtVicente Morales-OyarvideLuz Reynales-Shigematsu Source Type: research
Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues
Conclusions:
The cytotoxicity and long term health effects of e-cigarettes are unknown. Nevertheless the e-cigarette market continues to expand, largely driven by middle-aged smokers who claim to be using e-cigarettes in an attempt to reduce or quit smoking. E-cigarettes may have some potential as smoking cessation aids and, in the researchers' view, should therefore be subject to further research and regulation similar to other nicotine replacement therapies. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - December 15, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Muhammad Aziz RahmanNicholas HannAndrew WilsonLinda Worrall-Carter Source Type: research
Consistency of arsenic speciation in global tobacco products with implications for health and regulation
Conclusions:
The dominance of inorganic arsenic species among those components analysed is a marked feature of the diverse range of tobaccos selected for study. Such consistency is important in the context of a WHO expert panel recommendation to regulate tobacco crops and products using total arsenic concentration. If implemented more research would be required to develop models that accurately predict the smoker?s exposure to reduced inorganic arsenic species on the basis of leaf or product concentration and product design features. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - December 11, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Robert CampbellW StephensAndrew Meharg Source Type: research
Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation
Conclusions:
NMR spectroscopy is a useful and rapid method to simultaneously detect several ingredients in e-cigarette liquids. From all compounds tested, only nicotine may reach exposures that fall into a high risk category with MOE (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - December 9, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Jürgen HahnYulia MonakhovaJulia HengenMatthias Kohl-HimmelseherJörg SchüsslerHarald HahnThomas KuballaDirk Lachenmeier Source Type: research
Tobacco retail availability and smoking behaviours among patients seeking treatment at a nicotine dependence treatment clinic
Conclusions:
Proximity to a tobacco retail outlet was associated with smoking behaviours among a heavily addicted, treatment seeking population. Environmental factors may have a substantial impact on the ability of smokers to quit smoking. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - December 2, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Michael ChaitonGraham MecredyJürgen RehmAndriy Samokhvalov Source Type: research
Consumers¿ perceptions of vape shops in southern California: an analysis of online Yelp reviews
Conclusions:
Yelp reviews may influence potential consumers. As such, the present study?s focus on Yelp reviews addressed at least eight of the FDA?s Center for Tobacco Products? priorities pertaining to marketing influences on consumer beliefs and behaviors. The findings suggest that there were several vape shop and product attributes that consumers considered important to disseminate to others through postings on Yelp. Lack of health warnings about these products may misrepresent their potential risk. The main influence variables were product variety and price. There was only a little evidence of influence of ethnic neig...
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - November 28, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Steve SussmanRobert GarciaTess CruzLourdes Baezconde-GarbanatiMary PentzJennifer Unger Source Type: research
Mental health screening and increased risk for anxiety and depression among treatment-seeking smokers
Conclusions:
We found high scores for mental illness in treatment-seeking smokers compared with non-smokers. The risk for anxiety and depression was higher among smokers. Increased nicotine addiction severity was associated with increased risk for mental illness and increased scores of anxiety and depression. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - November 4, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Nilufer EmreKenan TopalNurgul BozkurtEylem Topaktas Source Type: research
Challenges and priorities for E-cigarette regulation at the local level ¿ insights from an Ontario tobacco control community-of-practice
Conclusions:
Most members of the CoP report that their local health unit is engaged in the issue of electronic cigarettes. Local authorities including cities and regions have the jurisdictional authority to regulate many dimensions of electronic smoking products including the creation of e-cigarette ‘vapour-free’ environments, and regulating sales to youth. (Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases)
Source: Tobacco Induced Diseases - October 28, 2014 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Ryan KennedySusan HimelIrene LambrakiStephanie Filsinger Source Type: research
