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Storage in ultra-low-temperature decreases the levels of IgM anticardiolipin antibody in serum samples from tuberculosis patients
The evaluation of novel tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers relies on analysis of previously stored sample sets. We aimed to determine the effect of storage temperature on serum IgM anticardiolipin antibody levels in samples from TB patients. Ultra-low-temperature storage decreased IgM anticardiolipin levels. We recommend against using ultra-low-temperature storage when investigating IgM anticardiolipin biomarker-based tests. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - June 5, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ng, A., Weeks-Galindo, C., Goodridge, A. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

The potential for macitentan, a new dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
In recent years in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) represent a well-established class of therapeutic agents with clear beneficial effects. Macitentan (Opsumit®), a dual ERA optimized for efficacy and safety, is the newest drug in the class. Macitentan presents a number of key beneficial characteristics, including increased in vivo preclinical efficacy versus existing ERAs, resulting from sustained receptor binding and physicochemical properties that allow enhanced tissue penetration. The clinical pharmacokinetics studies also indicated a low predilection o...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - June 5, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Steriade, A., Seferian, A., Jais, X., Savale, L., Jutant, E.-M., Parent, F., Sitbon, O., Humbert, M., Simonneau, G., Montani, D. Tags: Review Source Type: research

A new horizon in the treatment of biofilm-associated tonsillitis
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that rinsing does not effectively remove the biofilm layer on the tonsil surface. The use of a harder brush was identified as a more powerful means of removing biofilm compared with a soft brush. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - June 5, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ciftci, Z., Develioglu, O., Arbak, S., Ozdoganoglu, T., Gultekin, E. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Ambrisentan therapy in pulmonary hypertension: clinical use and tolerability in a referral centre
Conclusion: Ambrisentan is used as an initial therapy and as monotherapy in a minority of patients in a large UK PH referral centre. Discontinuation due to side effects, and especially oedema, was higher than reported in previous studies while discontinuation due to abnormal LFTs was very uncommon. A majority of patients who discontinued therapy due to side effects also previously or subsequently discontinued other PAH therapies. Improvement in WHO functional class was associated with superior survival. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - June 5, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Condliffe, R., Elliot, C. A., Hurdman, J., Sabroe, I., Billings, C., Kiely, D. G., Hamilton, N. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

The use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in the management of hypercarbic respiratory failure
Hypercarbic respiratory failure, occurring secondary to chronic lung disease, is a frequently encountered problem. These patients present a significant challenge to respiratory and critical care services, as many are unsuitable for mechanical ventilation and most have multiple comorbidities. Recently, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has become established as the primary modality for respiratory support in this group of patients. Several factors limit patient compliance with NIV, not least comfort and tolerability. A recent innovation in adult critical care is the use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) devices. These systems ar...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - March 26, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Millar, J., Lutton, S., O'Connor, P. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Adjunctive drug therapies for treatment of respiratory diseases in the newborn: based on evidence or habit?
Respiratory distress syndrome is a disease of prematurity and is caused by a relative deficiency of endogenous surfactant production. Respiratory distress syndrome is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn population and the standard of care is to provide exogenous surfactant therapy. This saves lives and reduces respiratory complications but, despite treatment, a significant proportion of these infants go onto develop chronic lung disease, the severest form of which is bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Once developed, this is a multisystem disease and treatment is mostly supportive by using various ther...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - March 26, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sinha, S., Tin, W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis managed with multimodality therapies
We present two cases of tracheobronchial amyloidosis successfully treated with surgery and radiation. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - March 26, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sommer, P., Kumar, G., Lipchik, R. J., Patel, J. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Enhancing adherence to inhaled therapies in cystic fibrosis
Nonadherence to inhaled therapies is a major problem in the treatment of cystic fibrosis that can influence lung function and health outcomes. Potential contributors to nonadherence have been identified, including demographic and psychosocial factors, time and convenience of inhaled therapy, and treatment beliefs. Additional research is clearly needed to clarify the contributors and to determine which interventions and technological advances will enhance adherence to inhaled therapies in patients with cystic fibrosis. Nurses and allied health professionals are ideally positioned to assist patients and families with adheren...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - March 26, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lomas, P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Bronchial thermoplasty: interventional therapy in asthma
Bronchial thermoplasty is a new treatment option for patients with severe bronchial asthma who remain symptomatic despite maximal medical therapy. The aim of this interventional therapy option is the reduction of smooth muscle in the central and peripheral airways in order to reduce symptomatic bronchoconstriction via the application of heat. A full treatment with bronchial thermoplasty is divided into three bronchoscopies. Randomized, controlled clinical trials have shown an increase in quality of life, a reduction in severe exacerbations, and decreases in emergency department visits as well as days lost from school or wo...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - January 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kaukel, P., Herth, F. J. F., Schuhmann, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Development of levofloxacin inhalation solution to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis
Inhaled therapies allow for the targeted delivery of antimicrobials directly into the lungs and have been widely used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) acute pulmonary exacerbations. Nebulized levofloxacin solution (MP-376) is a novel therapy that is currently being evaluated in phase I, II, and III clinical trials among patients with stable CF and recent isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum. Phase I studies have investigated the single and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of MP-376 and shown that it is rapidly absorbed from the lungs and results in low systemic concentrations. A subsequent phase IB study f...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - January 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Stockmann, C., Sherwin, C. M. T., Ampofo, K., Spigarelli, M. G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Comparison of outcomes following stereotactic body radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with and without pathological confirmation
Conclusion: While biopsy confirmation remains a goal in the workup of suspected NSCLC, SBRT without pathologic confirmation may represent a safe and effective option for the treatment of presumed NSCLC among patients who cannot tolerate or refuse surgery. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - January 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Haidar, Y. M., Rahn, D. A., Nath, S., Song, W., Bazhenova, L., Makani, S., Fuster, M. M., Sandhu, A. P. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection
Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is an important component of TB control programs in both high- and low-prevalence countries. Clinical trials of treatment of latent TB conducted over several decades have demonstrated that preventive treatment can reduce the risk of developing active TB up to 90%. Although 9 months of daily, self-administered isoniazid has been the most widely used and recommended regimen for the treatment of latent infection, other regimens such as 3 months of daily isoniazid and rifampin, or 4 months of daily rifampin alone have also been recommended and used. Most recently, a 12-dose regim...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 11, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Parekh, M. J., Schluger, N. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Beneficial role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases
In conclusion, vitamin D plays a significant role in respiratory diseases. The best form of vitamin D for use in the treatment of respiratory diseases is calcitriol because it is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation of calcitriol in respiratory diseases is needed. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 11, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Luong, K. v. q., Nguy{ecirctilde}n, L. T. H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Improving end-of-life care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
This article will highlight some of the issues related to end-of-life care for individuals diagnosed with COPD and offer suggestions on how better care can be implemented. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 11, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sorenson, H. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The combination of umeclidinium bromide and vilanterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current evidence and future prospects
The defining feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is progressive airflow limitation that causes air trapping and hyperinflation. The increasing hyperinflation results in dyspnea along with associated inability to engage in the activities of daily living. The American Thoracic Society (ATS), European Respiratory Society (ERS) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment guidelines all place bronchodilators as the foundation of pharmacological management of COPD. In patients with moderate-to-very-severe respiratory impairment, adding regular treatment with one or more long-ac...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 11, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Feldman, G. J., Edin, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research