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Pharmacokinetics of consecutive oral moxifloxacin (400 mg/day) in patients with respiratory tract infection
A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin (400 mg) following a once-daily oral administration in 28 patients with respiratory tract infection disease. The maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve were 3.97 µg/ml and 51.74 µg·h/ml, respectively; these values were nearly equivalent to those of healthy adult men. Two adverse drug reactions (nausea, vomiting) occurred, but both reactions were mild and nonserious and the patients recovered without treatment. The pharmacokinetic profile of moxifloxaci...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ito, F., Ohno, Y., Toyoshi, S., Kaito, D., Koumei, Y., Endo, J., Kamamiya, F., Mori, H., Mori, M., Morishita, M., Funaguchi, N., Minatoguchi, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Impact of fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from an exploratory study
Conclusions: Clinically significant fatigue is common among patients with COPD and is associated with an increased disease burden. It should therefore be integrated as a measure of disease prognosis and control in patients with COPD. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Antoniu, S. A., Petrescu, E., Stanescu, R., Anisie, E., Boiculese, L. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Value of preoperative 6-minute walk test for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications
Conclusions: Preoperative 6MWT is a very useful alternative test for predicting PPC in high risk patients scheduled to undergo surgery under GA. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Keeratichananont, W., Thanadetsuntorn, C., Keeratichananont, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Health economic modeling of the potential cost saving effects of Neurally Adjusted Ventilator Assist
Conclusion: This study showed economically favorable results for NAVA versus PSV. Our results show that only a minor decrease in the proportion of asynchronous patients with NAVA is needed for investments to pay off and generate savings. Future studies need to confirm this result by directly relating improved synchrony to the number of days on MV. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - February 1, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hjelmgren, J., Bruce Wirta, S., Huetson, P., Myren, K.-J., Göthberg, S. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Lumacaftor and ivacaftor in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis: current evidence and future prospects
This article reviews the in vitro and clinical trial data for the potential use of the potentiator, ivacaftor, and the corrector, lumacaftor, in patients with CF. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kuk, K., Taylor-Cousar, J. L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The role of inhaled prostacyclin in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute lung injury that is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia second to a pathogenic impairment of gas exchange. Despite significant advances in the area, mortality remains high among ARDS patients. High mortality and a limited spectrum of therapeutic options have left clinicians searching for alternatives, spiking interest in selective pulmonary vasodilators (SPVs). Despite the lack of robust evidence, SPVs are commonly employed for their therapeutic role in improving oxygenation in patients who have developed refractory hypoxemia...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Searcy, R. J., Morales, J. R., Ferreira, J. A., Johnson, D. W. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

An update on the efficacy of endobronchial valve therapy in the management of hyperinflation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lung volume reduction surgery has been shown to be effective in patients with heterogeneous emphysema, but is also associated with a relatively high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, several novel and potentially less invasive methods for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction have been developed. Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy is one such therapeutic approach in patients with advanced emphysema. It has been the most widely studied technique over the past years and represents an effective treatment option for patients with severe heterogeneous upper- or lower-lobe-predominant emphysema. The choice of EBV ...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Valipour, A., Burghuber, O. C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The role of the small airways in the pathophysiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), represent a major social and economic burden for worldwide health systems. During recent years, increasing attention has been directed to the role of small airways in respiratory diseases, and their exact contribution to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD continues to be clarified. Indeed, it has been suggested that small airways play a distinct role in specific disease phenotypes. Besides providing information on small airways structure and diagnostic procedures, this review therefore aims to present updated and evidence-bas...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bonini, M., Usmani, O. S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Ciprofloxacin during upper respiratory tract infections to reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in paediatric cystic fibrosis: a pilot study
Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical feasibility of using oral ciprofloxacin in CF patients at times of viral infection. Within this sample size, no significant association was found between active treatment and decreased growth of Pseudomonas in follow-up microbiological samples. A definitive study would require at least 320 children to demonstrate significant differences in the rate of pseudomonal isolates. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Connett, G. J., Pike, K. C., Legg, J. P., Cathie, K., Dewar, A., Foote, K., Harris, A., Faust, S. N. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma in 'real life' patients compared with those recruited to clinical trials in the same centre
Published information on the effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) for severe asthma in ‘real life’ patients is limited. We compared safety and efficacy outcomes 12 months post procedure in 10 clinic patients and 15 patients recruited to clinical trials of BT at the same centre. Baseline asthma severity was greater in the clinic group. Adverse events were similar. Clinical improvements occurred in 50% of the clinic patients compared with 73% of the research patients. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - November 15, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bicknell, S., Chaudhuri, R., Lee, N., Shepherd, M., Spears, M., Pitman, N., Cameron, E., Cowan, D., Nixon, J., Thompson, J., McSharry, C., Thomson, N. C. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

When a respiratory pathogen turns to the skin: cutaneous tuberculosis in a lung transplant patient
A 62-year-old male, who received immune suppressive therapy due to a lung transplantation several years ago, developed multiple painful abscesses in the right forearm. First misdiagnosed as staphylococcal abscesses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was eventually cultured from the abscesses. In addition, the patient also suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis and respiratory specimens were also culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculosis must be kept as a differential diagnosis in the case of abscess-like lesions on the skin, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mycobacteria specific tests (polymer...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - September 24, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Voigtlander, T., Cornberg, M., Gottlieb, J., Welte, T., Suerbaum, S., Bange, F.-C. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Treatment of emphysema using bronchoscopic lung volume reduction coil technology: an update on efficacy and safety
In the last decade several promising bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) treatments were developed and investigated. One of these treatments is BLVR treatment with coils. The advantage of this specific treatment is that it works independently of collateral flow, and also shows promise for patients with a more homogeneous emphysema disease distribution. Seven years ago, the very first patients were treated with BLVR coil treatment and currently large randomized, controlled trials are underway. The aim of this article is to review the available literature and provide an update on the current knowledge on the efficacy ...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - September 24, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hartman, J. E., Klooster, K., Ten Hacken, N. H. T., Slebos, D.-J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Clinical approaches to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor acquired resistance
The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutations (EGFR Mut+) has determined a paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In several phase III studies, patients with NSCLC EGFR Mut+ achieved a significantly better progression-free survival when treated with a first- (gefitinib, erlotinib) or second-generation (afatinib) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) compared with standard chemotherapy. However, despite these impressive results, most patients with NSCLC EGFR Mut+ develop acquired resistance to TKIs. This review will discuss both the mechanisms of resistance to TKIs and...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - September 24, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tartarone, A., Lerose, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

The efficacy of ceritinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Research over the last decade has determined that the gene rearrangement involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is an oncogenic driver in approximately 5% of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This review describes the discovery of the ALK translocation, development of ALK directed therapy, and acquired resistance to ALK directed therapy with a focus on the clinical data and efficacy of the most recently approved ALK inhibitor, ceritinib. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease)
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - September 24, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kaczmar, J., Mehra, R. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Best practice in the treatment of advanced squamous cell lung cancer
The management of advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been altered by the recognition of histology-based treatment and the use of targeted therapy. Whilst outcomes have improved with adenocarcinoma, treatment options are still limited in advanced stage squamous cell lung cancer. With advances in the molecular characterization of squamous cell cancers (SCCs), new potential targets have been identified. In this review, we discuss the role of histology in the treatment of NSCLC, cytotoxic chemotherapy, existing targeted therapies, the new molecular subsets and novel inhibitors in squamous cell lung carcinoma,...
Source: Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease - September 24, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ang, Y. L. E., Tan, H.-L., Soo, R. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research