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Developing a surveillance system of sub-county data: Finding suitable population thresholds for geographic aggregations
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Angela K Werner, Heather Strosnider (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 6, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Automated Delineation of Cancer Service Areas in Northeast Region of the United States: A Network Optimization Approach
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2020Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Fahui Wang, Changzhen Wang, Yujie Hu, Julie Weiss, Jennifer Alford-Teaster, Tracy Onega (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 6, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Severe-malaria infection and its outcomes among pregnant women in Burkina Faso health-districts: Hierarchical Bayesian space-time models applied to routinely-collected data from 2013 to 2018
This study used hierarchical-Bayesian Spatio-temporal modeling to explore space-time patterns and pinpoint health-districts with an exceedance probability of severe MiP incidence and fatality rate. Study also assessed effect of health-district service delivery (readiness) on severe-MiP outcomes.Severe-MiP fatality rate declined considerably while its incidence rate remained unchanged between January-2013 and December-2018. Severe-MiP cases persisted throughout the year with peaks between. These peaks increased 2.5-fold the fatality rate. Furthermore, severe-MiP fatality was higher in health-districts classified as low-read...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 15, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Landscape and demographic determinants of Culex infection with West Nile virus during the 2012 epidemic in Dallas County, TX
In this study, logistic mixed models were used to identify associations between the landscape, human population, and WNV-infected Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes during the 2012 WNV epidemic in Dallas Co. We found increased probabilities for WNV-positive mosquitoes in north and central Dallas Co. The most significant predictors of the presence of WNV in Cx. quinquefasciatus pools were increased urbanization (based on an index composed of greater population density, lower normalized difference vegetation index, higher coverage of urban land types, and more impervious surfaces), older human populations, and lower elevation...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 14, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Geographical Accessibility of Community Social Services and Incidence of Self-harm
ConclusionsThe uneven spatial accessibility of community social service centers and the independence between spatial accessibility and self-harm highlights the need to explore personal barriers to community service utilization. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 12, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Assessing the spatial heterogeneity in black-white differences in optimal cardiovascular health and the impact of individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2020Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Loni Philip Tabb, Leslie A. McClurea, Angel Ortiz, Steven Mellyb, Miranda R. Jonesc, Kiarri N. Kershawd, Ana V.Diez RouxaAbstractRacial disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) continue to remain a public health concern in the United States. We use unique population-based data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort to explore the black-white differences in optimal CVH. Utilizing geographically weighted regression methods, we assess the spatial heterogeneity in black-white differences in optimal CVH ...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Climate variability and dengue fever in Makassar, Indonesia: Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling
In this study, we applied two Bayesian spatio-temporal conditional autoregressive (ST CAR) models, one of which allows discontinuities in risk between neighbouring areas (creating ‘groups’), to examine dengue fever patterns. Data on annual (2002-2017) and monthly (January 2013 - December 2017) dengue cases and climatic factors over 14 geographic areas were obtained for Makassar, Indonesia. Combinations of covariates and model formulations were compared considering credible intervals, overall goodness of fit, and the grouping structure. For annual data, an ST CAR localised model incorporating average humidity provided t...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 8, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: February 2020Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, Volume 32Author(s): (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 30, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

NIMBLE for Bayesian Disease Mapping
Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Andrew B LawsonAbstractThis tutorial describes the basic implementation of Bayesian hierarchical models for spatial health data using the R package nimble. To quote the nimble R description:A system for writing hierarchical statistical models largely compatible with 'BUGS' and 'JAGS', writing nimbleFunctions to operate models and do basic R-style math, and compiling both models and nimbleFunctions via custom-generated C++. 'NIMBLE' includes default methods for MCMC, particle filtering, Monte Carlo Expectation Maximi...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 28, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

High incidence of brain and other nervous system cancer identified in two mining counties, 2001–2015
Publication date: Available online 21 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Yanan Zhang, Suzanne McDermott, Bryn Davis, James HusseyAbstractTwo counties in Montana, Deer Lodge and Silver Bow (DL/SB), have two Superfund sites, as well as an active copper and molybdenum mine in SB. The population living in proximity to these sites are exposed to additional metals and some have been shown to be neurotoxic, especially for children; thus, this study focused on the incidence of brain and other nervous system cancers. The Montana Central Tumor Registry data was used to identify the cases in DL/SB...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Using global positioning system technology and Google My Maps in follow-up studies—An experience from influenza surveillance study, Chennai, India
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Vinoth Mohan, Sasi Kumar M, C.P. Girish Kumar, Jayaraman Yuvaraj, Anand Krishnan, Ritvik Amarchand, Rajkumar PrabuAbstractA multi-centric influenza surveillance conducted among 1500 elderly participants in Chennai, India, required weekly visits to the participants regularly for three years. Difficulties were faced in locating and navigating to households of the participants due to vast study area, adverse weather conditions and staff attrition, which affected data quality. To overcome these difficulties, we devised...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 28, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

High incidence of brain and other nervous system cancer identified in two mining counties, 2001-2015
Publication date: Available online 21 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Yanan Zhang, Suzanne McDermott, Bryn Davis, James HusseyAbstractTwo counties in Montana, Deer Lodge and Silver Bow (DL/SB), have two Superfund sites, as well as an active copper and molybdenum mine in SB. The population living in proximity to these sites are exposed to additional metals and some have been shown to be neurotoxic, especially for children; thus, this study focused on the incidence of brain and other nervous system cancers. The Montana Central Tumor Registry data was used to identify the cases in DL/SB...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 21, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Using global positioning system technology and Google My Maps in follow-up studies – An experience from influenza surveillance study, Chennai, India
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Vinoth Mohan, Sasi Kumar M, C.P.Girish Kumar, Jayaraman Yuvaraj, Anand Krishnan, Ritvik Amarchand, Rajkumar PrabuAbstractA multi-centric influenza surveillance conducted among 1500 elderly participants in Chennai, India, required weekly visits to the participants regularly for three years. Difficulties were faced in locating and navigating to households of the participants due to vast study area, adverse weather conditions and staff attrition, which affected data quality. To overcome these difficulties, we devised ...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 19, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Impact of geo-imputation on epidemiologic associations in a study of outdoor air pollution and respiratory hospitalization: Geographic imputation and environmental exposure assessment
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Rena R. Jones, Francis P. Boscoe, Danielle N. Medgyesi, Edward F. Fitzgerald, Syni-An Hwang, Shao LinAbstractImputation of missing spatial attributes in health records may facilitate linkages to geo-referenced environmental exposures, but few studies have assessed impacts on epidemiologic inference. We imputed patient Census tracts in a case-crossover analysis of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and respiratory hospitalizations in New York State (2000-2005). We observed non-significantly higher PM2.5 exposures, high...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 13, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Discrete versus continuous domain models for disease mapping
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal EpidemiologyAuthor(s): Garyfallos Konstantinoudis, Dominic Schuhmacher, Håvard Rue, Ben SpycherAbstractThe main goal of disease mapping is to estimate disease risk and identify high-risk areas. Such analyses are hampered by the limited geographical resolution of the available data. Typically the available data are counts per spatial unit and the common approach is the Besag–York–Mollié (BYM) model. When precise geocodes are available, it is more natural to use Log-Gaussian Cox processes (LGCPs). In a simulation study mimicking chil...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 11, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research