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Geography of Breast Cancer Incidence According to Age & amp; Birth Cohorts,
Conclusion : Geographic patterns of cancer incidence exhibit differences within and across age and birth cohorts. With the continued insights from descriptive epidemiology, our capacity to effectively limit spatial disparities in cancer will improve. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 23, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Environmental risk factors for the incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Iran: a GIS-based approach
Conclusion : There was a positive correlation between temperature and population density with CL incidence in both local (city) and global (province)level. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 23, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modelling and Forecasting Spatio-temporal Variation in the Risk of Chronic Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in Ghana
Conclusion: Our spatio-temporal model captured variations in childhood stunting over place and time. Our method facilitates and enriches modelling and forecasting of future stunting prevalence to identify areas at high risk. Improving maternal education could be given greater consideration within an overall strategy for addressing childhood malnutrition. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 2, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Can changes in population mixing and socio-economic deprivation in Cumbria, England explain changes in cancer incidence around Sellafield?
This study investigated changes in measures of population mixing from 1951-2001. Comparisons were made between three specified areas. Area-based measures were calculated (migration, commuting, deprivation, population density). All areas have become more affluent, although Seascale was consistently the most affluent. Seascale has become less densely populated, with less migration into the ward and less diversity with respect to migrants’ origin. There have been marked changes in patterns of population mixing throughout Cumbria. Lesser population mixing has been observed in Seascale in recent decades. Changes in pattern an...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 27, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Exploring racial disparity in obesity: a mediation analysis considering geo-coded environmental factors
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Qingzhao Yu, Richard A. Scribner, Claudia Leonardi, Lu Zhang, Chi Park, Liwei Chen, Neal R. Simonsen Research shows aconsistent racial disparity in obesity between white and black adults in the United States. Accounting for the disparity is a challenge given the variety of the contributing factors, the nature of the association, and the multilevel relationships among the factors. We used the multivariable mediation analysis (MMA) method to explore the racial disparity in obesity considering not only the i...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - February 16, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Relative risk for HIV in India – An estimate using conditional auto-regressive models with Bayesian approach
Publication date: February 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, Volume 20 Author(s): Chandrasekaran Kandhasamy, Kaushik Ghosh Indian states are currently classified into HIV-risk categories based on the observed prevalence counts, percentage of infected attendees in antenatal clinics, and percentage of infected high-risk individuals. This method, however, does not account for the spatial dependence among the states nor does it provide any measure of statistical uncertainty. We provide an alternative model-based approach to address these issues. Our method uses Poisson log-normal models having various c...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 12, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Using Exploratory Data Analysis to Identify and Predict Patterns of Human Lyme Disease Case Clustering within a Multistate Region, 2010-2014
The objective of our study was to identify patterns of Lyme disease reporting after multistate inclusion to mitigate potential border effects. County-level human Lyme disease surveillance data were obtained from Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia state health departments. Rate smoothing and Local Moran's I was performed to identify clusters of reporting activity and identify spatial outliers. A logistic generalized estimating equation was performed to identify significant associations in disease clustering over time. Resulting analyses identified statistically significant (P=0.05) clusters ...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 11, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Relative risk for HIV in India –an estimate using conditional auto-regressive models with Bayesian approach
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Chandrasekaran Kandhasamy, Kaushik Ghosh Indian states are currently classified into HIV-risk categories based on the observed prevalence counts, percentage of infected attendees in antenatal clinics, and percentage of infected high-risk individuals. This method, however, does not account for the spatial dependence among the states nor does it provide any measure of statistical uncertainty. We provide an alternative model-based approach to address these issues. Our method uses Poisson log-normal models having va...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 4, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The temporal-spatial distribution of seriously maltreated children
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler, Janice Bell, Daniel Tancredi, Patrick Romano, Sheridan Miyamoto, Jill G. Joseph This descriptive study utilized Bernoulli and Poisson spatial scan statistical models in SatScan v.9.4 to examine the distribution in space and time of residence of maltreatment cases–operationalized as families with serious maltreatment (resulting in death or hospitalization) of children under 6 years–for the presence of clusters (“hot spots”). In the Poisson model, a population datas...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modeling of the ecological niches of the Anopheles spp in Ecuador by the use of geo-informatic tools
Publication date: Available online 31 December 2016 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Oswaldo Padilla Almeida, Pablo Rosas Montalvo, Wilson Moreno Ortiz, Theofilos Toulkeridis Ecuador in the northwestern edge of South America is struggling by vector-borne diseases with an endemic-epidemic behavior leading to an enormous public health problem. Malaria, which has a cyclicality in its dynamics, is closely related to climatic, ecological and socio-economic phenomena. The main objective of this research has been to compare three different prediction species models, the so-called Maxent, Logistic R...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Analysing malaria incidence at the small area level for developing a spatial decision support system: a case study in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
We report the first stage of a project to develop a spatial decision support system for infectious diseases for Karnataka State in India. The focus of this paper is on malaria incidence and we draw on small area data on new cases of malaria analysed in two-monthly time intervals over the period February 2012 to January 2016 for Kalaburagi taluk, a small area in Karnataka. We report the results of data mapping and cluster detection (identifying areas of excess risk) including evaluating the temporal persistence of excess risk and the local conditions with which high counts are statistically associated. We comment on how thi...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - December 29, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Special section on spatial epidemiology based on nation-wide health-related registers with individual-level data
Publication date: November 2016 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, Volume 19 Author(s): Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Ulf Strömberg (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - November 9, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modeling of spatio-temporal variation in plague incidence in Madagascar from 1980 to 2007
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2016 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Emanuele Giorgi, Katharina Kreppel, Peter J. Diggle, Cyril Caminade, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Matthew Baylis Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which, during the fourteenth century, caused the deaths of an estimated 75–200 million people in Europe. Plague epidemics still occur in Africa, Asia and South America. Madagascar is today one of the most endemic countries, reporting nearly one third of the human cases worldwide from 2004 to 2009. The pe...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - October 26, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modelling of spatio-temporal variation in plague incidence in Madagascar from 1980 to 2007
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2016 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Emanuele Giorgi, Katharina Kreppel, Peter J. Diggle, Cyril Caminade, Maherisoa Ratsitorahina, Minoarisoa Rajerison, Matthew Baylis Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which, during the fourteenth century, caused the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Europe. Plague epidemics still occur in Africa, Asia and South America. Madagascar is today one of the most endemic countries, reporting nearly one third of the human cases worldwide from 2004 to 2009. The p...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - October 18, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Spatio-temporal relative survival of breast and colorectal cancer in Queensland, Australia 2001 –2011
This study investigated changes in breast and colorectal cancer survival across 478 areas over 11 years (2001–2011), and the influence of early diagnosis on changes. Queensland Cancer Registry data were analysed using an introduced Bayesian spatio-temporal flexible parametric relative survival model. All areas showed survival improvements between 2001–2003 and 2008–2011. The median absolute 5-year survival improvement for localised breast cancer was small (1.8%), compared to advanced (4.8%) and unknown (7.9%) breast cancer, as well as localised (2.6%), advanced (5.0%) and unknown (4.8%) colorectal cancers. Improvemen...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - September 10, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research