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Adult Obesity Prevalence at the County Level in the United States, 2000-2010: Downscaling Public Health Survey Data using a Spatial Microsimulation Approach
This study therefore, uses a spatial microsimulation approach to estimate obesity prevalence rates at the county level across the United States to visualize temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal changes from 2000 to 2010 for use in the monitoring of obesity prevalence. This method iteratively replicates the demographic characteristics of public health survey respondents with census data for those areas. Following, the Local Moran's I was used to identify clusters of high and low obesity prevalence. The findings showed that obesity prevalence rose dramatically over the last decade with substantial variation across counties ...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - October 13, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

SpatialEpiApp: A Shiny Web Application for the Analysis of Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Disease Data
Publication date: Available online 25 August 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Paula Moraga During last years, public health surveillance has been facilitated by the existence of several packages implementing statistical methods for the analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal disease data. However, these methods are still inaccesible for many researchers lacking the adequate programming skills to effectively use the required software. In this paper we present SpatialEpiApp, a Shiny web application that integrate two of the most common approaches in health surveillance: disease mapping and d...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - August 26, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Spatial variation in risk for physician diagnosed environmental sensitivity
This study investigated the spatial structure of MCS incidence and estimated the contribution of socio-economic deprivation to variations in rates of MCS at the community level in Nova Scotia, Canada. Patient data were used to calculate cumulative incidence rate ratios for treated multiple chemical sensitivities. Poisson regression with a spatially autoregressive random effect was employed to assess spatial variation in MCS. Odds of MSC incidence is greatest among patients from the highest socioeconomic category using the most socioeconomically deprived category as reference (OR: 1.94, CI[2.5-95%] 1.45-2.56). No discernabl...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - August 17, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Using additive and coupled spatiotemporal SPDE models: a flexible illustration for predicting occurrence of Culicoides species
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Yimer Wasihun Kifle, Niel Hens, Christel Faes This paper formulates and compares a general class of spatiotemporal models for univariate space-time geostatistical data. The implementation of stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach combined with integrated nested Laplace approximation into the R-INLA package makes it computationally feasible to use spatiotemporal models. However, the impact of specifying models with and without space-time interaction is unclear. We formulate an extensive class o...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - August 17, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Spatial analysis of food insecurity and obesity by area-level deprivation in children in early years settings in England
Conclusions We observed differences in manager perception by area-level deprivation, but the relationship was especially pronounced for food insecurity. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - July 28, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Comparing multilevel and multiscale convolution models for small area aggregated health data
Publication date: Available online 5 July 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Mehreteab Aregay, Andrew B Lawson, Christel Faes, Russell S Kirby, Rachel Carroll, Kevin Watjou In spatial epidemiology, data are often arrayed hierarchically. The classification of individuals into smaller units, which in turn are grouped into larger units, can induce contextual effects. On the other hand, a scaling effect can occur due to the aggregation of data from smaller units into larger units. In this paper, we propose a shared multilevel model to address the contextual effects. In addition, we consider...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - July 5, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modeling Spatio-temporal Variations of Substance Abuse Mortality in Iran Using a Log-Gaussian Cox Point Process
This study provides the first evidence in Iran on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity in mortality caused by substance use disorders. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - June 10, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Modelling malaria incidence by an autoregressive distributed lag model with spatial component
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Francisco Laguna, María Eugenia Grillet, José R. León, Carenne Ludeña The influence of climatic variables on the dynamics of human malaria has been widely highlighted. Also, it is known that this mosquito-borne infection varies in space and time. However, when the data is spatially incomplete most popular spatio-temporal methods of analysis cannot be applied directly. In this paper, we develop a two step methodology to model the spatio-temporal dependence of malaria incidence on local rainfall, temperature, a...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - June 9, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Time Series Analysis and Mortality Model of Dog Bite Victims Presented for Treatment at a Referral Clinic for Rabies Exposure in Monrovia, Liberia, 2010-2013
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Ayodeji O. Olarinmoye, Johnson F. Ojo, Ayotunde J. Fasunla, Olayinka O. Ishola, Fahnboah G. Dakinah, Charles K. Mulbah, Khalid Al-Hezaimi, Babasola O. Olugasa We developed time trend model, determined treatment outcome and estimated annual human deaths among dog bite victims (DBVs) from 2010 to 2013 in Monrovia, Liberia. Data obtained from clinic records included victim's age, gender and site of bite marks, site name of residence of rabies-exposed patients, promptness of care sought, initial treatment and pos...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - May 26, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Spatial mapping of temporal risk to improve prevention measures: A case study of dengue epidemic in Lahore
Conclusion Spatial risk identification by using local spatial-autocorrelation helps in identifying other possible causes of disease risk and further strategic planning for prevention and control measures. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - May 7, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Measuring geographical accessibility to rural and remote health care services: Challenges and Considerations
Publication date: Available online 24 April 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Tayyab Ikram Shah, Stephan Milosavljevic, Brenna Bath (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - April 24, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Spatial mapping of temporal risk to improve prevention measures; a case study of dengue epidemic in Lahore
Conclusion Spatial risk identification by using Local spatial-autocorrelation helps in identify other possible causes of disease risk and further strategic planning for prevention and control measures. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - April 24, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Hot spots, cluster detection and spatial outlier analysis of teen birth rates in the U.S., 2003 –2012
Publication date: June 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, Volume 21 Author(s): Diba Khan, Lauren M. Rossen, Brady E. Hamilton, Yulei He, Rong Wei, Erin Dienes Teen birth rates have evidenced a significant decline in the United States over the past few decades. Most of the states in the US have mirrored this national decline, though some reports have illustrated substantial variation in the magnitude of these decreases across the U.S. Importantly, geographic variation at the county level has largely not been explored. We used National Vital Statistics Births data and Hierarchical Bayesian space-ti...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - April 10, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Geography of breast cancer incidence according to age & amp; birth cohorts
Conclusion Geographic patterns of cancer incidence exhibit differences within and across age and birth cohorts. With the continued insights from descriptive epidemiology, our capacity to effectively limit spatial disparities in cancer will improve. (Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology)
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - April 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Hot Spots, Cluster Detection and Spatial Outlier Analysis of Teen Birth Rates in the U.S., 2003-2012
Publication date: Available online 27 March 2017 Source:Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology Author(s): Diba Khan, Lauren M. Rossen, Brady E. Hamilton, Yulei He, Rong Wei, Erin Dienes Teen birth rates have evidenced a significant decline in the United States over the past few decades. Most of the states in the US have mirrored this national decline, though some reports have illustrated substantial variation in the magnitude of these decreases across the U.S. Importantly, geographic variation at the county level has largely not been explored. We used National Vital Statistics Births data and Hierarchical Bayesia...
Source: Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology - March 27, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research