Evidence based pediatric surgical oncology
This article offers a brief overview in an effort to demonstrate how a selection of well conducted recently published studies can help address some topical and controversial themes in pediatric surgical oncology practice. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Paul Losty Source Type: research
Preface
The current edition of Seminars in Pediatric Surgery titled – ‘ Pediatric Surgical Oncology ‘ brings together an international list of contributing authors from North America, Europe and the United Kingdom. As guest editors a selection of wide ranging topics for this special issue were chosen which we hope will provide a ‘ state-of-the-art ‘ update for the pediatric oncology surgeon and cancer specialist team(s). Many of the common solid tumors are discussed including Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, liver malignancies , rhabdomyosarcoma and non rhabdoid tumors. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Micheal P. LaQuaglia, Paul D Losty Source Type: research
Pediatric melanoma
Although melanoma is one of the most common malignancies affecting adults, it is a relatively rare disease in children. Melanoma ranks fifth among all cancers in adult males and seventh in adult females, and it is the most common cancer among women 20 to 29 years of age.1 –3 Despite also being the most common skin cancer in children and adolescents, melanoma is still rare in children, with only 300–500 new pediatric diagnoses annually.2,4,5 While the care of adults with melanoma is guided by evidence from multicenter clinical trials, the care of children with mel anoma is limited by the lack of clinical trials specific...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Elisabeth T. Tracy, Jennifer H. Aldrink Source Type: research
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant tumor of striated muscle origin, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a childhood tumor that has benefited from nearly 30 years of multimodality therapy, culminating in a greater than 70% overall 5-year survival. Prognosis for RMS is dependent on primary tumor site, age, completeness of resection, presence and number of metastatic sites, histology and biology of the tumor cells. Multimodality treatment is based on risk stratification according to pretreatment stage, postoperative group, histology, and site. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 19, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Roshni Dasgupta, J örg Fuchs, David Rodeberg Source Type: research
Management of desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a soft tissue sarcoma of mesenchymal cell origin that typically presents with multiple intra-abdominal tumors and exhibits a multi-phenotypic pattern of immunohistochemical staining. The specific organ or tissue type of origin has yet to be identified. DSRCT rarely arises as a singular tumor in the abdomen; in most cases, there are dozens to hundreds of abdominal peritoneal tumors that are detected on diagnosis. One very large dominant mass is usually present in the omentum, with an additional one or two large conglomerates of tumors in the pelvis and right peritoneum, respect...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 13, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Andrea Hayes-Jordan, Michael P. LaQuaglia, Shakeel Modak Source Type: research
Fertility considerations and the pediatric oncology patient
Recent years have witnessed marked improvement in cytotoxic treatments with a parallel increase in patient survival. Despite efforts done to minimize long-term side effects of these treatment regimens, it is estimated that 40% of survivors of pediatric cancer will suffer from those. Some will be mild whereas others such as impaired fertility will be a heavy load on parents ′ expectations and patient′s quality of life. Gonadal damage and severe loss of function is not a rare condition among children cured for cancer. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 12, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Raffoul Lara, Capito Carmen, Sarnacki Sabine Source Type: research
Wilms tumor: “State-of-the-art” update, 2016
Despite an impressive increase in survival rate over the past decades, there is still a need to improve the survival of specific subgroups of Wilms tumor (anaplastic, metastatic, and bilateral) and to decrease the late effects of treatment in terms of renal function and heart toxicity. We aim to explore new areas of improvement, from diagnosis to treatment: in the field of radiology the increased use of MRI and exploration of its diffusion-weighted imaging capabilities to predict WT histology at diagnosis and for preoperative assessment; in biology the emergence of new biomarkers that could be integrated into the decision-...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sabine Irtan, Peter F. Ehrlich, Kathy Pritchard-Jones Source Type: research
Pediatric/ “Wildtype” gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Pediatric/ “Wildtype” gastrointestinal stromal tumor (P/WT-GIST) is a rare cancer, distinct and markedly different from the phenotype found predominantly in older patients (adult, non-wildtype GIST). Having a different molecular signature, it is not responsive to standard adjuvant therapies utilized in adu lt GIST, and surgery remains the only effective cure. However, even with presumed complete resections in patients with localized disease at presentation, recurrence rates are high. Furthermore, it is an indolent cancer that can persist for decades, and treatment strategies must balance the possible morbid risks of in...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dhanya Mullassery, Christopher B. Weldon Source Type: research
Malignant tumors of the liver in children
We present recent advances in insight, treatment results, and future questions to be asked. Increasing international collaboration between the four major Pediatric Liver Tumor Study Groups (SIOPEL/GPOH, COG and JPLT) may serve as a paradigm to approach rare tumors. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Daniel C. Aronson, Rebecka L. Meyers Source Type: research
Wilms Tumor “state-of-the-art” update 2016
Despite an impressive increase in survival rate over the last decades, there is still a need to improve the survival of specific subgroups of Wilms tumor (anaplastic, metastatic, bilateral) and to decrease the late effects of treatment in term of renal function and heart toxicity. We aim to explore new areas of improvement, from diagnosis to treatment: in the field of radiology the increased use of MRI and exploration of its diffusion weighted imaging capabilities to predict WT histology at diagnosis and for preoperative assessment; in biology the emergence of new biomarkers that could be integrated into the decision-makin...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sabine Irtan, Peter F Ehrlich, Kathy Pritchard-Jones Source Type: research
Pediatric/ ′Wildtype′ gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Pediatric/ ′Wildtype′ Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (P/WT-GIST) is a rare, distinct and markedly different cancer than the phenotype found predominantly in older patients (adult, non-wildtype GIST). Having a different molecular signature, it is not responsive to standard adjuvant therapies utilized in adu lt GIST, and surgery remains the only effective cure. However, even with presumed effective, complete resections on patients with localized disease at presentation, recurrence rates are high. Furthermore, it is an indolent cancer that can persist for decades, and treatment strategies must balance th e possible morbid...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 2, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dhanya Mullassery, Christopher B. Weldon Source Type: research
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases in pediatric solid tumors
Most children who succumb to solid malignancies do so because of the burden of metastatic disease or due to complications associated with the therapy administered to treat metastatic disease. Approximately one-quarter of children with solid tumors will present with metastatic disease, and an additional 20% ultimately develop metastatic disease, most commonly in the lung. The role of surgery in the treatment of metastatic solid tumors, given its disseminated nature, is not intuitive, yet there are circumstances in which surgical resection of metastatic disease can potentially be curative. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - September 1, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Todd E. Heaton, Andrew M. Davidoff Source Type: research
Palliative care and pediatric surgical oncology
Survival rate for childhood cancer has increased in recent years, reaching as high as 70% in developed countries compared with 54% for all cancers diagnosed in the 80s. In the remaining 30%, progression or metastatic disease leads to death and in this framework palliative care has an outstanding role though not well settled in all its facets. In this landscape, surgery has a supportive actor role integrated with other welfare aspects from which are not severable. The definition of surgical palliation has moved from the ancient definition of noncurative surgery to a group of practices performed not to cure but to alleviate ...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - August 29, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Alessandro Inserra, Alessandra Narciso, Guglielmo Paolantonio, Raffaella Messina, Alessandro Crocoli Source Type: research
Preface
What has been is what will be,and what has been done is what will be done,and there is nothing new under the sun.Is there a thing of which it is said, “See, this is new”?It has been alreadyin the ages before us.—Ecclesiastes 1:4–11 (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - May 23, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shawn D. St. Peter, Charles L. Snyder Source Type: research
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children
Despite the frequency with which antireflux procedures are performed, decisions about gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment remain challenging. Several factors contribute to the difficulties in managing gastroesophageal reflux. First, the distinction between physiologic and pathologic gastroesophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease —GERD) is not always clear. Second, measures of the extent of gastroesophageal reflux often poorly correlate to symptoms or other complications attributed to reflux in infants and children. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - May 23, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Douglas C. Barnhart Source Type: research
