Gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) is a very common condition and affects approximately 7 –20% of the pediatric population. Symptoms from pathological GERD include regurgitation, irritability when feeding, respiratory problems, and substernal pain. Treatment typically starts with dietary modifications and postural changes. Antireflux medications may then be added. Indications for opera tive management in the pediatric population include failure of medical therapy with poor weight gain or failure to thrive, continued respiratory symptoms, and complications such as esophagitis. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 2, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bethany J. Slater, Steven S. Rothenberg Source Type: research
Long-gap esophageal atresia
The management of long-gap esophageal atresia remains challenging with limited consensus on the definition, evaluation, and surgical approach to treatment. Efforts to preserve the native esophagus have been successful with delayed primary anastomosis and tension-based esophageal growth induction processes. Esophageal replacement is necessary in a minority of cases, with the conduit of choice and patient outcomes largely dependent on institutional expertise. Given the complexity of this patient population with significant morbidity, treatment and long-term follow-up are best done in multidisciplinary esophageal and airway t...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 2, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Hester F. Shieh, Russell W. Jennings Source Type: research
Achalasia
is a rare neurogenic motility disorder of the esophagus, occurring in approximately 0.11 cases per 100,000 children. The combination of problems (aperistalsis, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and lack of receptive LES relaxation) results in patients having symptoms of progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and regurgitation. Treatment modalities have evolved over the past few decades from balloon dilation and botulinum toxin injection to laparoscopic Heller myotomy and endoscopic myotomy. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Saleem Islam Source Type: research
Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula
Management of esophageal atresia has merged from correction of the anomaly to the complete spectrum of management of esophageal atresia and all its sequelae.It is the purpose of this paper to give an overview of all aspects involved in taking care of patients with esophageal atresia between January 2011 and June 2016, as well as the patients that were referred from other centers.Esophageal atresia is a complex anomaly that has many aspects that have to be dealt with and complications to be solved. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: David C. van der Zee Source Type: research
Esophageal Replacement
This chapter focuses on esophageal replacement as a surgical option for pediatric patients with end-stage esophageal disease. While it is obvious that the patient ′s own esophagus is the best esophagus, persisting with attempts to retain a native esophagus with no function and at all costs are futile and usually detrimental to the overall well being of the child. In such cases, the esophagus should be abandoned, and the appropriate esophageal replacement ch osen for definitive reconstruction. We review the various types of conduits used for esophageal replacement and discuss the unique advantages and disadvantages that a...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Shaun M. Kunisaki, Arnold G. Coran Source Type: research
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is a very common condition and affects approximately 7 –20% of the pediatric population. Symptoms from pathologic GERD include regurgitation, irritability when feeding, respiratory problems, and substernal pain. Treatment typically starts with dietary modifications and postural changes. Anti-reflux medications may then be added. Indications for operat ive management in the pediatric population include failure of medical therapy with poor weight gain or failure to thrive, continued respiratory symptoms, and complications such as esophagitis. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bethany J. Slater, Steven S. Rothenberg Source Type: research
Long Gap Esophageal Atresia
The management of long gap esophageal atresia remains challenging with limited consensus on the definition, evaluation, and surgical approach to treatment. Efforts to preserve the native esophagus have been successful with delayed primary anastomosis and tension-based esophageal growth induction processes. Esophageal replacement is necessary in a minority of cases, with the conduit of choice and patient outcomes largely dependent on institutional expertise. Given the complexity of this patient population with significant morbidity, treatment and long-term follow up is best done in multidisciplinary esophageal and airway tr...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - February 1, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Hester F. Shieh, Russell W. Jennings Tags: 26/2 April - Esophageal disorders Source Type: research
Contents
(Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 31, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The art and science of pediatric damage control
This article will review the most current concepts in damage control that are important and relevant to the practicing pediatric surgeon. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 16, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Anthony Tran, Brendan T. Campbell Source Type: research
Pediatric thoracic trauma: Current trends
Pediatric thoracic trauma is relatively uncommon but results in disproportionately high levels of morbidity and mortality when compared with other traumatic injuries. These injuries are often more devastating due to differences in children ׳s anatomy and physiology relative to adult patients. A high index of suspicion is of utmost importance at the time of presentation because many significant thoracic injuries will have no external signs of injury. With proper recognition and management of these injuries, there is an associated impr oved long-term outcome. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 9, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Erik G. Pearson, Caitlin A. Fitzgerald, Matthew T. Santore Source Type: research
Pediatric thoracic trauma - current trends
Pediatric thoracic trauma is relatively uncommon but results in disproportionately high levels of morbidity and mortality when compared with other traumatic injuries. These injuries are often more devastating due to differences in children ’s anatomy and physiology relative to adult patients. A high index of suspicion is of utmost importance at the time of presentation because many significant thoracic injuries will have no external signs of injury. With proper recognition and management of these injuries, there is an associated imp roved long-term outcome. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 9, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Erik G. Pearson, Caitlin A. Fitzgerald, Matthew T. Santore Source Type: research
Hospital-based Screening Tools in the Identification of Non-Accidental Trauma
Over 700,000 children are victims of abuse and neglect each year in the United States. Effective screening programs that entail broad capture of suspected non-accidental trauma (NAT) may help identify sentinel injuries. This can facilitate earlier detection and psychosocial interventions in hopes of decreasing recurrent NAT, which confers a higher mortality rate. The purpose of this review is to outline essential components of hospital-based NAT screening tools and highlight existing programs. In general, these tools should include several components: education sessions for healthcare providers on how to identify signs of ...
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 4, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Dani O. Gonzalez, Katherine J. Deans Source Type: research
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in the Pediatric Trauma Patient
Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in less than 1% of hospitalized pediatric trauma patients, care providers must make decisions about VTE prophylaxis on a daily basis. The consequences of VTE are significant; the risks of developing VTE are variable; and the effectiveness of prophylaxis against VTE is not conclusive in children. While the value of VTE prophylaxis is well defined in adult trauma care, it is unclear how this translates to the care of injured children. This review evaluates the incidence and risks of VTE in pediatric trauma and assesses the merits of prophylaxis in children. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 3, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: John K. Petty Source Type: research
Blunt cerebrovascular injury in children
is an uncommon occurrence that if missed and left untreated can result in devastating long-term neurologic consequences. Diagnosis can be readily obtained by a computed tomographic angiogram of the head and neck. If confirmed, treatment with antithrombotic therapy dramatically reduces the risk of a cerebrovascular accident. The difficulty lies in determining which child should be screened for such an injury. Several institutions have come up with criteria for screening. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 3, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Stephen J. Fenton, Robert J. Bollo Source Type: research
Viscoelastic hemostatic assays in the management of the pediatric trauma patient
Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHA), such as TEG and ROTEM, are whole blood tests that depict functional coagulation both numerically and graphically. The development of rapid VHA technology, which allows for the first data points to result within minutes of test initiation, has increased the utility of these tests in the treatment of trauma patients. Both adult and pediatric centers have integrated VHAs into trauma resuscitation and transfusion protocols. Literature regarding the use of VHAs for injured children is limited. (Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery - January 3, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Christine M. Leeper, Barbara A. Gaines Source Type: research
