N-acetyl-l-cysteine protects porcine oocytes undergoing meiotic resumption from heat stress
In this study, we confirmed that oocytes undergoing GVBD were much susceptible to HS, and thus compromising subsequent embryonic development. Using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), we found supplementation of a relatively high dose NAC during in vitro maturation, can protect oocytes from HS-induced complications, and thus rescuing impaired embryonic development. Further analysis indicated that mechanisms responsible for protecting GVBD oocytes from HS by NAC may include: (1) reversing disorganized spindle assembly and inhibited extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling; (2) correcting erroneous H3K27me3 modificatio...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - November 6, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Iodoacetic Acid Inhibits Follicle Growth and Alters Expression of Genes that Regulate Apoptosis, the Cell Cycle, Estrogen Receptors, and Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Mouse Ovarian Follicles
This study determined whether IAA exposure affects ovarian follicle growth, steroidogenesis, and expression of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, estrogen receptors, and steroidogenic factors in vitro. IAA exposure significantly decreased follicle growth, expression of cell cycle stimulators, and the proliferation marker Ki67. In contrast, IAA increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a. Moreover, IAA exposure increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors, whereas it decreased expression of anti-apoptotic factors. IAA exposure also altered expression of steroidogenic factors and estrogen receptors, disru...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - November 4, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Importance of gestational hypoglycaemia for foetal malformations and skeletal development in rats
Publication date: Available online 20 October 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Vivi Flou Hjorth Jensen, Anne-Marie Mølck, Jens Lykkesfeldt, Johannes Josef Fels, Lene Andersen, Ruth Renaut, Fiona McGuigan, Kristina E. Åkesson, Ingrid Brück BøghAbstractThe aim was to investigate embryo-foetal effects of continuous maternal insulin-induced hypoglycaemia extending throughout gestation or until gestation day (GD)17 (typical last day of dosing during pre-clinical evaluation) providing comparator data for safety assessment of longer-acting insulin analogues in non-diabetic rats.Pregnant rats received human insuli...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - October 22, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Molecular characterization of a toxicological tipping point during human stem cell differentiation
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Katerine S. Saili, Todor Antonijevic, Todd J. Zurlinden, Imran Shah, Chad Deisenroth, Thomas B. KnudsenAbstractEndoderm gives rise to the gut tube in the early embryo. We differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to embryonic endoderm to identify a tipping point at which the developing system did not recover from perturbations caused by exposure to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Differentiating iPSC-derived endoderm exposed to five concentrations of ATRA between 0.001 and 10 µM at 6 h, 96 h, or 192 h was as...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - October 9, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Do mineral and corn oil serve as potential endocrine disruptors in the gerbil prostate?
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra, Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo, Silvana Gisele Pegorin de Campos, Sebastião Roberto Taboga, Patricia Simone Leite VilamaiorAbstractVegetable oils are frequently used as a vehicle in the administration of lipophilic drugs in animal tests. However, the composition of these oils may interfere with the results. One alternative to reduce this potential bias is the use of mineral oil, which is not supposed to interfere in the physiology of experimental models, since this oil is considered to be innocous. The p...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - September 28, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2019Source: Reproductive Toxicology, Volume 89Author(s): (Source: Reproductive Toxicology)
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - September 26, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
An exaggerated epinephrine-adrenergic receptor signaling impairs uterine decidualization in mice
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Jinxiang Wu, Shuangbo Kong, Chuanhui Guo, Jianqi Wang, Jinhua Lu, Ruiwei Jiang, Haibin WangAbstractOur understanding of the relationship between stress-derived epinephrine and early pregnancy failure remains incomplete. Here, we explored the effect of epinephrine exposure on early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in mice. Increased expression of adrenergic receptors Adra1b, Adra2b and Adrb2 was observed during decidualization and post-implantation embryogenesis was delayed or survival impaired. Epinephrine treatment also impaired dec...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - September 13, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Adverse effects of naphthenic acids on reproductive health: a focus on placental trophoblast cells
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Sergio Raez-Villanueva, Laiba Jamshed, Geemitha Ratnayake, Lisa Cheng, Philippe J. Thomas, Alison C. HollowayABSTRACTThere is considerable concern that naphthenic acids (NA) related to oil extraction can negatively impact reproduction in mammals yet the mechanisms are unknown. Since placental dysfunction is central to many adverse pregnancy outcomes, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of NA exposure on placental trophoblast cell function. Htr8/SVneo cells were exposed to a commercial technical NA mixture (Sigma-Al...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - September 11, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Effect of Chlorpyrifos on human extravillous-like trophoblast cells
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Magali E. Ridano, Ana C. Racca, Jésica B. Flores-Martín, Luciana Reyna, Susana Genti-Raimondi, Graciela M. Panzetta-DutariAbstractAn increased risk of pregnancy disorders has been reported in women and animal models exposed to organophosphate pesticides. However, less information is available on impacts to human placental function. Here, we addressed the impact of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on extravillous cytotrophoblasts (evCTB) employing HTR8/SVneo cells as an in vitro model. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were not affecte...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - September 10, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Biological Interactions between Nanomaterials and Placental Development and Function Following Oral Exposure
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): Ninell P. Mortensen, Leah M. Johnson, Khara D. Grieger, Jeffrey L. Ambroso, Timothy R. FennellAbstractWe summarize the literature involving the deposition of nanomaterials within the placenta following oral exposure and the biological interactions between nanomaterials and placental development and function. The review focuses on the oral exposure of metal and metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), carbon-based ENMs, and nanoplastics in animal models, with a minor discussion of intravenous injections. Although the literature su...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 31, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Critical Review of the Association between Perineal Use of Talc Powder and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
ConclusionPerineal use of talc powder is a possible cause of human ovarian cancer. (Source: Reproductive Toxicology)
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 29, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Airway exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles and quartz and effects on sperm counts and testosterone levels in male mice
This study aimed to investigate whether also airway exposure would affect sperm counts in male mice. Mature C57BL/6 J mice were intratracheally instilled with 63 µg of rutile nanosized TiO2, once weekly for seven weeks. Respirable α-quartz (SRM1878a) was included at a similar dose level as a positive control for pulmonary inflammation. BALF cell composition showed neutrophil granulocyte influx as indication of pulmonary inflammation in animals exposed to TiO2 NP and α-quartz, but none of the particle exposures affected weight of testes or the epididymis, sperm counts or plasma testosterone when assessed at terminati...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 24, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Neural crest related gene transcript regulation by valproic acid analogues in the cardiac embryonic stem cell test
Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019Source: Reproductive ToxicologyAuthor(s): R.H. (Gina) Mennen, J.L.A. (Jeroen) Pennings, A.H. (Aldert) PiersmaAbstractIn vivo, neural crest (NC) cells contribute critically to heart formation. The embryonic stem cells in the cardiac Embryonic Stem cell Test (ESTc) differentiate into a heterogeneous cell population including non-cardiomyocyte cells. The use of molecular biomarkers from different mechanistic pathways can refine quantitative embryotoxicity assessment. Gene expression levels representing different signalling pathways that could relate to beating cardiomyocyte for...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 23, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
Male exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and semen quality in the Home Observation of Periconceptional Exposures (HOPE) cohort
ConclusionHigher exposure to BPA was associated with abnormal sperm tail morphology in this prospective, pre-conception cohort. (Source: Reproductive Toxicology)
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 23, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
BPA interferes with StAR-mediated mitochondrial cholesterol transport to induce germline dysfunctions
Publication date: December 2019Source: Reproductive Toxicology, Volume 90Author(s): Yichang Chen, Blake Panter, Aleena Hussein, Katherine Gibbs, Daniel Ferreira, Patrick AllardAbstractBisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor associated with hormone synthesis and reproduction alterations. However, the initiating events underpinning these dysfunctions are still unclear. Here, we address the hypothesis that BPA interferes with the highly evolutionary conserved process of mitochondrial cholesterol transport, a crucial step in steroid hormone biosynthesis, by using the model organism C. elegans. We observed that embryonic lethalit...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - August 23, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research
