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Mishandling of pMDI and DPI inhalers in asthma and COPD – Repetitive and non-repetitive errors
ConclusionsImproper inhalation technique is very common and the majority of errors made in inhalation technique are repetitive. This emphasizes the role of an ongoing verification and training of a proper inhalation technique in all patients that are regularly treated with inhalers. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Is aging a "comorbidity" of asthma?
This article will discuss the multitude of factors that justify considering aging as a comorbidity of asthma. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Use of animal models in IPF research
Publication date: Available online 5 July 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): R. Carrington, S. Jordan, S.C. Pitchford, C.P. PageAbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Many compounds have shown efficacy in pre-clinical models of this condition, but only Pirfenidone and Nintedanib have been approved for clinical use. It is widely accepted that the current animal models of IPF need to be improved and in this review we have critically evaluated the current state of play of preclinical models of IPF and discus...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effect of pirfenidone on gastric emptying in a rat model
ConclusionsAdministration of pirfenidone 30 min after a meal as a single-bolus dose or a divided dose over a 90-min period blunted pirfenidone's effect on inhibition of gastric emptying in rats compared with pirfenidone administration as a single-bolus dose coincident with a meal. Decreased gastric emptying, which is associated with pirfenidone administration, may be one of the contributing factors leading to GI tolerability issues associated with pirfenidone use in humans. Modification of the dosing regimen diminished this impact and may provide insight into possible mitigation strategies to minimize GI-related toxiciti...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The pharmacological treatment of chronic comorbidities in COPD: mind the gap!
Conclusionsa truly comprehensive view of the complex COPD patient, hopefully capitalizing on multidimensional geriatric assessment, is needed to dissect the many components of health status impairment and to provide the optimal care. Selected screening procedures are highly desirable to identify frequently missed comorbidities. Pharmacosurveillance is an essential part of the approach to COPD and its comorbidities. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Impact of doxofylline in COPD: A pairwise meta-analysis
Publication date: August 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 51Author(s): Mario Cazzola, Luigino Calzetta, Paola Rogliani, Clive Page, Maria Gabriella MateraAbstractDoxofylline is an effective bronchodilator for relieving airway obstruction in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and displays a better safety profile with respect to theophylline. Herein, we performed a pairwise meta-analysis of the currently available data to provide consistent and homogeneous findings on the impact of this xanthine in COPD patients. Results obtained from 820 patients were selected from...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

In vivo and in vitro investigation of anti-inflammatory and mucus-regulatory activities of a fixed combination of thyme and primula extracts
Publication date: August 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 51Author(s): Jan Seibel, Kirill Kryshen, Judit E. Pongrácz, Martin D. LehnerAbstractHypersecretion of viscous mucus is one of the hallmark symptoms of acute and chronic bronchitis and typically develops secondary to an inflammation of the airway epithelium. Bronchipret® TP film-coated tablets (BRO), a herbal medicinal product containing a fixed combination of thyme herb and primula root extracts, has been successfully used clinically for the treatment of acute bronchitis for more than two decades. However, the underlying pharmacological me...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Safety and pharmacokinetics of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI) in healthy adult subjects of Japanese descent
DiscussionBoth doses of BGF MDI were well tolerated in healthy subjects of Japanese descent and the systemic exposure to budesonide was dose proportional for BGF MDI 160/14.4/10 μg and BGF MDI 320/14.4/10 μg. The safety and pharmacokinetics for BGF MDI 160/14.4/10 μg and BGF MDI 320/14.4/10 μg in Japanese subjects were comparable to data from previous studies in Western populations, which suggests that the safety and efficacy profile of BGF MDI should be similar in Western and Japanese subjects. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Preparation, validation and user-testing of pictogram-based patient information leaflets for tuberculosis
ConclusionThe present study shows that there is significant improvement in the knowledge levels of the patients and volunteers after reading the validated leaflets. The P-PILs are found to be an effective educational tool for TB patients. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Oropharyngeal administration of silica in Swiss mice: A robust and reproducible model of occupational pulmonary fibrosis
Publication date: August 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 51Author(s): Sachin Karkale, Amit Khurana, Mohd Aslam Saifi, Chandraiah Godugu, Venu TallaAbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal end stage of interstitial lung disease with increasing prevalence. The disease burden of PF has seen a sharp surge in the past two decades owing to entry of heavy amount of particulate matter due to industrialization and urbanization. In this work, we developed an oropharyngeal aspiration model of silica (1.5 mg/mice) induced pulmonary fibrosis as a homogeneous, reproducible, simple and alternative strategy in...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Hair analysis to monitor adherence to prescribed chronic inhaler drug therapy in patients with asthma or COPD
ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate that inhaled medication can be measured in hair samples from subjects with asthma and/or COPD. The results show that hair drug concentration data could potentially provide a record of historical adherence to inhaled therapeutics. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The pharmacological treatment of chronic comorbidities in COPD: mind the gap!
Conclusionsa truly comprehensive view of the complex COPD patient, hopefully capitalizing on multidimensional geriatric assessment, is needed to dissect the many components of health status impairment and to provide the optimal care. Selected screening procedures are highly desirable to identify frequently missed comorbidities. Pharmacosurveillance is an essential part of the approach to COPD and its comorbidities. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Use of animal models in IPF research
Publication date: Available online 5 July 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): R. Carrington, S. Jordan, S.C. Pitchford, C.P. PageAbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Many compounds have shown efficacy in pre-clinical models of this condition, but only Pirfenidone and Nintedanib have been approved for clinical use. It is widely accepted that the current animal models of IPF need to be improved and in this review we have critically evaluated the current state of play of preclinical models of IPF and discus...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Modeling and optimization of nebulizers' performance in non-invasive ventilation using different fill volumes: Comparative study between vibrating mesh and jet nebulizers
ConclusionsModeling of aerosol-delivery by JN and VMN using different fill-volumes in NIV circuit was successful in demonstrating the effect of different variable on dose-delivery to NIV patient. Artificial neural networks model showed that VMN increased pulmonary-bioavailability and systemic-absorption compared to JN. VMN was less affected by fill-volume change compared to JN which should be diluted to increase delivery. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 5, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Overreliance link between asthmatic subjects and short-acting β2 agonists
Publication date: June 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 50Author(s): Luis J. NanniniAbstractIn this brief communication, it was described the overreliance link generated between a young asthmatic subject and Short Acting Beta agonist (SABA) bronchodilator. It was an attempt to delineate the stages of this conflicting link where predominated the overreliance on SABA that might be one of the main circumstances surrounding near fatal asthma attack. New approach is needed from international guidelines to avoid development of such a problematic link between asthmatic subjects and SABA. (Source: Pulmonar...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 5, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research