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Overreliance link between asthmatic subjects and short-acting β2 agonists
Publication date: June 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 50Author(s): Luis J. NanniniAbstractIn this brief communication, it was described the overreliance link generated between a young asthmatic subject and Short Acting Beta agonist (SABA) bronchodilator. It was an attempt to delineate the stages of this conflicting link where predominated the overreliance on SABA that might be one of the main circumstances surrounding near fatal asthma attack. New approach is needed from international guidelines to avoid development of such a problematic link between asthmatic subjects and SABA. (Source: Pulmonar...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Targeting the RhoA-ROCK pathway to regulate T-cell homeostasis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
ConclusionsActivation and inhibition of RhoA-ROCK pathway by LPA and FSD modulated the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells via regulating STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation in hypoxic PAH. Thus, Apart from influence of pulmonary vascular remodeling, regulation of Th17/Treg homeostasis by RhoA-ROCK pathway play a key role in hypoxic PAH. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: June 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 50Author(s): (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease
Publication date: June 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 50Author(s): Theodoros Karampitsakos, Argyrios Tzouvelekis, Serafeim Chrysikos, Demosthenes Bouros, Iraklis Tsangaris, Wassim H. FaresAbstractInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a broad and heterogeneous group of more than two hundred diseases with common functional characteristics. Their diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach. This multidisciplinary approach involves the assessment of comorbid conditions including pulmonary hypertension (PH) that exerts a dramatic impact on survival. The current World Health Orga...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Ciprofloxacin Dry Powder for Inhalation (ciprofloxacin DPI): Technical design and features of an efficient drug–device combination
Publication date: June 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 50Author(s): Pamela J. McShane, Jeffry G. Weers, Thomas E. Tarara, Alfred Haynes, Preeti Durbha, Danforth P. Miller, Tobias Mundry, Elisabeth Operschall, J. Stuart ElbornAbstractBronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease with heterogeneous etiology, characterized by a cycle of bacterial infection and inflammation, resulting in increasing airway damage. Exacerbations are an important cause of morbidity and are strongly associated with disease progression. Many patients with bronchiectasis suffer from two or more exacerbations per year. How...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for pulmonary arterial hypertension: A network meta-analysis
ConclusionOverall, we recommend EAP as the optimal choice for patients with PAH in clinical practice and PAE as suboptimal in view of their desirable performance in efficacy. Most of the combination therapies performed better than monotherapies. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Assessment of statin-induced interstitial pneumonia in patients treated for hyperlipidemia using a health insurance claims database in Japan
This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for statin-induced interstitial pneumonia (IP).MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a large Japanese health insurance claims database. We determined the statin-induced IP incidence in patients treated with statins for hyperlipidemia (n = 194,814) with 12-month screening and 3-month observation periods. Statin-induced IP was defined as: (1) diagnosis with IP (ICD-10 codes: J70.2-J70.4, J84.1, and J84.9) within 3 months after starting statins; (2) steroid administration starts after starting statins; (3) undergoing laboratory tests for sialylat...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Astilbin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via blockade of Hedgehog signaling pathway
ConclusionsAstilbin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis via blockade of Hedgehog signaling pathway and has potential therapeutic value for lung fibrosis treatment. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Emerging biological therapies for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pairwise and network meta-analysis
This study demonstrates that targeting the pathway activated by IL-5 may have a beneficial impact in eosinophilic COPD patients. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of fluticasone propionate and budesonide on the expression of immune defense genes in bronchial epithelial cells
ConclusionsTreatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with BUD results in significantly higher expression of specific immune defense genes than treatment with FP. The differential regulation of these immune defense genes may help to explain the clinical observation that BUD and FP treatment differ with respect to the risk of developing pneumonia in COPD. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Serum lipoproteins are not associated with the severity of asthma
ConclusionsThe current findings confirm a role of LDL as a potential biomarker in the diagnostic process for asthma, and suggest that LDL cannot be used as marker of severity of the disease. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Modeling and optimization of nebulizers' performance in non-invasive ventilation using different fill volumes: Comparative study between vibrating mesh and jet nebulizers
ConclusionsModeling of aerosol-delivery by JN and VMN using different fill-volumes in NIV circuit was successful in demonstrating the effect of different variable on dose-delivery to NIV patient. Artificial neural networks model showed that VMN increased pulmonary-bioavailability and systemic-absorption compared to JN. VMN was less affected by fill-volume change compared to JN which should be diluted to increase delivery. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The role of sphingolipid metabolism disruption on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice
ConclusionBlockage of sphingomyelinases and the de novo pathways improved and aggravated lung injury, respectively, putatively suggesting specific targets to therapeutic strategies in LPS-induced lung injury. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Characterisation of 40 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml tobramycin formulations for aerosol therapy with adult mechanical ventilation
ConclusionAerosolized tobramycin 100 mg/ml solution delivered higher lung dose compared to tobramycin 40 mg/ml solution. Tracheal tube type or size did not influence the aerosol characteristics and delivery parameters. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The pharmacokinetics of three doses of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate metered dose inhaler compared with active controls: A Phase I randomized, single-dose, crossover study in healthy adults
In conclusion, BGF MDI 320/14.4/10 μg had a similar budesonide PK profile to BUD/FORM MDI 320/9 μg. No PK drug–drug interactions were observed when budesonide was added to glycopyrronium and formoterol fumarate dihydrate. These data support the use of budesonide 320 μg and 160 μg in future clinical trials of BGF MDI in COPD. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research