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Real-life evaluation of the clinical, functional, and hematological effects of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: Results of a single-centre observational study
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Corrado Pelaia, Maria Teresa Busceti, Sabina Solinas, Rosa Terracciano, Girolamo PelaiaAbstractMepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which targets interleukin-5 (IL-5) and is nowadays available in many countries for add-on biological therapy of severe eosinophilic asthma. Although the approval of mepolizumab use in clinical practice has been made possible by several successful pre-marketing controlled trials, so far only a very few studies have been performed in a real-life setting. Within such a context, ou...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 13, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Differential regulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by MK2 and MK3 in airway smooth muscle cells
ConclusionsThese results suggest an inhibitory role for MK2 and MK3 activity in RANTES/CCL5 secretion and cross-talk of MK3 with NF-κB to regulate IL-6 and GM-CSF. These findings differentiate MK2 and MK3 function in ASM cells and provide insight that may enable selective targeting of MKs in ASM to modulate local inflammation in airway disease. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pharmacologic targeting of the ATX/LPA axis attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
In this report, we examined head-to-head the efficacy of a potent inhibitor of ATX (PF-8380), that has not been tested in pulmonary fibrosis models, and an antagonist of LPAR1 (AM095) in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Both compounds abrogated the development of pulmonary fibrosis and prevented the distortion of lung architecture, exhibiting qualitative and quantitative differences in different manifestations of the modeled disease. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 8, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Development of a novel digital breath-activated inhaler: Initial particle size characterization and clinical testing
ConclusionThe DBAI generated highly respirable aerosols containing albuterol sulfate that were similar to the MDI and SMI in respirable fraction but lower in dose. Subsequent pharmacodynamic studies delivering albuterol sulfate alone and in combination with ipratropium bromide confirmed similar responses for the DBAI compared with the other inhalers, which could possibly be related to a response ceiling. The DBAI breath-activated capability combined with the ability to monitor actual delivery of medication may improve effectiveness by overcoming patient miscoordination. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 8, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Salvianolic acid B as an anti-emphysema agent II: In vivo reversal activities in two rat models of emphysema
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Sneha Dhapare, Hua Li, Masahiro SakagamiAbstractEmphysema progressively destroys alveolar structures, leading to disability and death, yet remains irreversible and incurable to date. Impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is an emerging pathogenic mechanism, thereby proposing a hypothesis that VEGF stimulation/elevation enables recovery from alveolar structural destruction and loss of emphysema. Our previous in vitro study identified that salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), a polyphenol of traditional Ch...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pharmacological approach and adherence to treatment recommendations in frequently and non-frequently exacerbating COPD patients from Italy: MISTRAL - The prospective cohort, observational study
ConclusionsThe Mistral study reports a scarce adherence to the GOLD 2011 treatment recommendations in routine clinical practice in Italy. The adherence was particularly low in less severe, non-frequent exacerbating patients mostly for ICS overuse, and was higher in high-risk, frequent exacerbating COPD patients (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Comorbidities of IPF: How do they impact on prognosis
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi, Ada Vancheri, Mauro Pavone, Gianluca Sambataro, Stefano Palmucci, Carlo VancheriAbstractIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a severe parenchymal lung disease characterized by an intense deposition of collagen in the interstitial spaces. The introduction of anti-fibrotic drugs increased patients' life expectancy highlighting the role of comorbidities in patients' management and prognosis. IPF is frequently associated with other diseases mainly because of its onset during middle age and s...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 6, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Asthma COPD overlap: Impact of associated comorbidities
The objective of this review is to describe current knowledge and clinical implications of the overlapping features of asthma and COPD, and discuss the prevalence and impact of comorbidities, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and depression, in this subgroup of patients. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 31, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

A proposed scheme to cope with comorbidities in asthma
Publication date: Available online 25 August 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Luane Marques de Mello, Álvaro A. CruzAbstractThe prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases has been on the rise and the co-occurrence of morbidities is becoming more common. Multimorbidities are found more frequently among women, those with a history of mental disorders, lower level of schooling, and unfavorable socioeconomic condition. Physical inactivity, smoking and obesity are also associated with multimorbidities. Its occurrence is directly related to the age, affecting the majority of the individuals with ...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 25, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Protective role of glucocorticosteroid prior to endotoxin exposure in cultured neonatal type II alveolar epithelial cells
ConclusionLPS-induced in vitro AEC-II injury was partially prevented by DEX pretreatment, with 1.0 μmol/l being the potentially optimal concentration. (253 words). (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 18, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effect of a spacer on total systemic and lung bioavailability in healthy volunteers and in vitro performance of the Symbicort® (budesonide/formoterol) pressurized metered dose inhaler
ConclusionsThe clinical study demonstrated that in subjects with poor inhalation technique the use of the AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu® spacer increased the bioavailability of Symbicort® pMDI to a level observed in subjects with good inhalation technique without a spacer. The findings from the in vitro study support the fine particle dose characteristics of Symbicort® pMDI with the AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu® spacer. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 3, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effect of long-acting β2-agonists olodaterol and formoterol on heart rate and blood pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
ConclusionHeart rate and BP were not adversely influenced in this study involving long-term administration of olodaterol or formoterol in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. This supports the cardiovascular safety of LABAs in COPD maintenance treatment. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - August 2, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 51Author(s): (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 19, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Corrigendum to ‘Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury’ [Pulm. Pharmacol. Therapeut. 29/1 (2014) 24–30]
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2018Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Takashi Nojiri, Hiroshi Hosoda, Takeshi Tokudome, Koichi Miura, Shin Ishikane, Toru Kimura, Yasushi Shintani, Masayoshi Inoue, Noriyoshi Sawabata, Mikiya Miyazato, Meinoshin Okumura, Kenji Kangawa (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 13, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Intravenous fosfomycin for pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis: Real life experience of a large adult CF centre
ConclusionAntibiotic regimens including fosfomycin appear to be clinically effective and safe. Fosfomycin should, therefore, be considered as an add-on therapy in patients who failed to respond to initial treatment and with multiple drug allergies. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - July 10, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research