Indian Program for Vitrification of High Level Radioactive Liquid Waste
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): C.P. Kaushik Nuclear Power Programme in India is based on “closed fuel cycle”. Closed fuel cycle involves reprocessing and recycling of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) coming out of nuclear reactors. During reprocessing, uranium &plutonium, constituting bulk of the SNF are separated and subsequently recycled. The remaining small portion constitutes high level radioactive waste containing most of the fission products and minor actinides. A three-step strategy involving immobilization, interim storage followed by ultimate disposal has bee...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Vitrification of High Level Waste in the UK
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Mike T. Harrison In the UK, highly radioactive (HA) liquor from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is converted into a borosilicate glass at the Sellafield Waste Vitrification Plant (WVP) yielding a stable and durable waste form suitable for long-term storage and subsequent disposal. The WVP uses a two-stage design based on the continuous French AVH (Atelier de Vitrification de la Hague) process and as of April 2012 had produced ∼2,200 te of waste glass in ∼5,600 containers. WVP product glass is manufactured to a Quality Assured Proc...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
History of Nuclear Waste Glass in France
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Étienne Vernaz , Jérôme Bruezière The history of high level nuclear waste vitrification in France is told, from the first research on the solidification of fission product solutions led by Roger Bonniaud at Saclay in the 1950s, up to the last incineration/vitrification processes still under development in Marcoule. The first pilot facilities, Gulliver and PIVER in Marcoule, opened the way for industrial development, beginning with the Marcoule vitrification facility (AVM) commissioned by COGEMA (now AREVA) in 1978, and followed by the s...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Study of Friction and Wear of ABS/Zno Polymer Composite Using Taguchi Technique
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): J. Sudeepan , K. Kumar , T.K. Barman , P. Sahoo The present study considers the tribological behavior of polymer composite material prepared using acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene (ABS) as the base material and micron-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) as the filler. The experiment is carried out in dry condition on block-on-roller multi-tribotester (DUCOM) in room temperature based on Taguchi‟s L27 orthogonal array (OA). Filler content, normal load and sliding speed are considered as the design parameter and coefficient of friction and specific we...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Effect and Optimization of Various Machine Process Parameters on the Surface Roughness in EDM for an EN41 Material Using Grey-Taguchi
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Vikas , Apurba Kumar Roy , Kaushik Kumar The article presents an idea about the effect of the various input process parameters like Pulse ON time, Pulse OFF time, Discharge Current and Voltage over the Surface Roughness for an EN41 material. Here, 5 different output parameters concerned with surface roughness like Ra, Rq, Rsk, Rku and Rsm are taken and optimized accordingly, using the Grey-Taguchi method. The Grey-Taguchi method used in the article considers an L27 orthogonal array, which uses a different combination of the 4-input paramete...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Effect of Mesh Parameters in Finite Element Simulation of Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming Process
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Kurra Suresh , Srinivasa Prakash Regalla This paper investigates the effect of element size and adaptive re-meshing technique in numerical simulation of incremental sheet forming (ISF) process. In ISF a hemispherical headed tool moves along the specified trajectory to deform the sheet in to required shape. This tool path is generally very long and thus increases the computational time. Therefore, in this work adaptive re- meshing technique has been used to minimize the computational time without sacrificing the accuracy of the results. For ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Support Vector Regression based Flow Stress Prediction in Austenitic Stainless Steel 304
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Raghuram Karthik Desu , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Aditya B , Amit Kumar Gupta This paper focuses on modelling the relationship between flow stress and strain, strain rate and temperature using Support Vector Regression technique. Data obtained for both the regions (non-Dynamic Strain Aging and Dynamic Strain Aging) is analysed using Support Vector Machine, where a nonlinear model is learned by linear learning machine by mapping it into high dimensional kernel included feature space. A number of semi empirical models based on mathematical ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Investigation of Melt Flow Index and Impact Strength of Foamed LLDPE for Rotational Moulding Process
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): P.L. Ramkumar , D.M. Kulkarni , V.V.R. Abhijit , Aditya Cherukumudi Rotational molding of foamed polyethylene has increasingly become an important process in industry because of its thicker walls, low sound transfer, high stiffness and good thermal insulation. However, the foaming process of polyethylene during rotational molding has not been well studied. The focus of thisarticle is to assess the rotomoldability of foamed polyethylene and to investigate how LLDPE foam influence the process of rotational molding and the final product qual...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
DOE Based Parametric Study of Volumetric Change of FDM Parts
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Pavan Kumar Gurrala , Srinivasa Prakash Regalla Investigation into the part accuracy in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which is one of the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies and continues to dominate the world as one of the few processes suitable for manufacturing both prototypes and end products, has been carried out in this paper. Volumetric change and effect of “curl” type geometric inaccuracy on the parts made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) specimens has been studied. A methodology has been deve...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
A Constitutive Description to Predict High-temperature Flow Stress in Austenitic Stainless Steel 316
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): K. Sajun Prasad , A.K. Gupta The main focus of this paper is to predict the flow stress of Austenitic Stainless Steel-316 (ASS) in both non-Dynamic Strain Aging (non-DSA) and Dynamic Stain Aging (DSA) regime. A comparative study has been made on modified mechanical threshold stress (m-MTS) model and modified Khan–Huang–Liang (m-KHL) model to study the strain, strain rate-dependent & temperature dependant behaviour of materials. For this purpose, m-MTS model is developed in both non-DSA and DSA regime which comprise various mater...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Prediction of Forming Limit Diagram for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Artificial Neural Network
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Nitin Kotkunde , Aditya D. Deole , Amit Kumar Gupta In sheet metal industries, the ability to predict and avoid failures, such as necking, fracture and wrinkling are of great importance. It is important to work within the safe strain region to avoid these failures. The forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most appropriate tool to obtain the safe strain region for every sheet metal in different strain conditions and ration. In this paper, significance of important process parameters namely, punch speed, blank holder pressure (BHP) and tempera...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Challenges in Processing of a Cocured Wing Test Box Using Vacuum Enhanced Resin Infusion Technology (VERITy)
The objective was to realise a co-infused and cocured wing test box consisting of bottom skin, spars, ribs, gussets and stringers. The challenge lies in the usage of appropriate tooling philosophy to suit the infusion process and control of flow characteristics in a complex preform with proper infusion strategy. A ‘Rigid–Flexible’ tooling concept was adopted so that the applied pressure is faithfully transferred by tools to the preform underneath for proper consolidation, without compromising on dimensional requirements. Infusion of resin into well compacted network of reinforcement with varying thickness is tricky a...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Tensile Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of an Aerospace Aluminium Alloy AA2219 in Different Ageing Conditions
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Ch.V.A. Narasayya , P. Rambabu , M.K. Mohan , Rahul Mitra , N. Eswara Prasad Aluminium alloys due to their high strength to weight ratio coupled with good corrosion resistance find many applications in aeronautical field. 2XXX series of aluminium alloys with their high specific strength are selected for structural applications of aerospace vehicles. AA 2219 alloy is widely used for fabrication of components for aircraft, missile and space vehicles. Fracture toughness of this alloy is the most important design criteria for some select aer...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Improvisation of Interfacial Bond Strength in Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): Vinod Murkute , Amit Gupta , D.G. Thakur , Rahul Harshe , Makarand Joshi In the present study, we report on a novel approach adopted for the improvisation of interfacial bond strength between shape memory alloy (SMA) and epoxy matrix in SMA hybrid composites. Methodologies such as surface roughening and chemical etching of SMA wires were performed before embedding them in epoxy matrix. A pull-out test has been performed to find out the improvement in load transfer between SMA and host matrix. Surface morphology of SMA wires after various...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Behavior of Ao Mode Transduced Using Synchronised Rotationally (Same Direction) Misaligned Air-coupled Transducers
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 6 Author(s): C. Ramadas , Irfan Khan , Avinash Hood , Makarand Joshi Transmission and reception of single selective Lamb mode is feasible using air-coupled ultrasonic transducers. However, alignment of air-coupled probes influences amplitude of Lamb mode. Properly oriented and aligned air-coupled probes satisfy Snell's law and coplanarity condition. This results in transduction of high amplitude Lamb waves. In this work, a misalignment termed ‘synchronized (same direction) rotational misalignment’ was introduced between the air-coupled transducers...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - October 12, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
