Alpha Decays Impact on Nuclear Glass Structure
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): S. Peuget , C. Mendoza , E.A. Maugeri , J.M. Delaye , R. Caraballo , T. Charpentier , M. Tribet , O. Bouty , C. Jégou This paper reviews the main results on the long-term behavior of SON68 nuclear glass towards alpha decay accumulation. The effects of the radiation damage induced by alpha decay were investigated by doping a glass with a short-lived actinide 244Cm, by using ionic irradiations and by molecular dynamic simulations. The analysis of the behavior of the glass structure subjected to ballistic effects with various spectrosc...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Investigation of Radiation Damage in Trombay Nuclear Waste Glasses by ESR and Photoluminescence Techniques
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): M. Mohapatra , R.K. Mishra , C.P. Kaushik , B.S. Tomar Electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques were utilized to investigate the gamma radiation induced changes occurring in the Trombay research reactor nuclear waste glasses. Fe and Eu were doped in the glass samples which acted as local probes. From these studies it was seen that upon irradiation various types of defect centers namely boron oxygen hole centers, E’ centers, silicon hole centers, oxygen deficient centers etc. were formed in the glass. Further, ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Radiation and Thermal Ageing of Nuclear Waste Glass
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): William J. Weber The radioactive decay of fission products and actinides incorporated into nuclear waste glass leads to self-heating and self-radiation effects that may affect the stability, structure and performance of the glass in a closed system. Short-lived fission products cause significant self-heating for the first 600 years. Alpha decay of the actinides leads to self-radiation damage that can be significant after a few hundred years, and over the long time periods of geologic disposal, the accumulation of helium and radiation damage ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Preliminary Surface Study of Short Term Dissolution of UK High Level Waste Glass
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): N.E. Ahmad , S. Fearn , J.R. Jones , W.E. Lee A simulated Magnox glass which is Mg- and Al- rich was subjected to aqueous corrosion in static mode with deionised water at 90°C for 7 days and assessed using Cameca and Ion-ToF Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Depth profiling and ion imaging were done for both unleached and leached samples to reveal elemental distributions from the glass surface into the bulk. All the elements were distributed evenly for unleached glass. After leaching, depletion of alkali ions i.e. Na and Li was obs...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
The Effect of Ordinary Portland Cement on Nuclear Waste Glass Dissolution
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): K. Ferrand , S. Liu , K. Lemmens To evaluate the durability of the glass matrix and to identify the key mechanisms responsible for glass alteration in the cementitious environment imposed by the Supercontainer design, glass leach tests were conducted at 30°C under Ar atmosphere in suspensions of Ordinary Portland Cement and synthetic young cement water with the high pH of 13.5. The cement appears to trigger the glass dissolution by consumption of glass matrix components leading to a fast glass dissolution at a constant rate with the forma...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Topography and Mechanical Property Mapping of International Simple Glass Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscopy
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Juliane Hopf , E.M. Pierce Quantitative Nanomechanical Peak Force® (PF-QNM) TappingModeTM atomic force microscopy measurements are presented for the first time on polished glass surfaces. The PF-QNM technique allows for topography and mechanical property information to be measured simultaneously at each pixel. Results for the international simple glass—which represents a simplified version of SON68 glass—suggests the average Young's modulus of 78.8 ±15.1GPa is within the experimental error of the modulus measured for SON68 glass (83.6...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Irradiation Impact on the Leaching Behavior of HLW Glasses
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Magaly Tribet , Séverine Rolland , Sylvain Peuget , Véronique Broudic , Magali Magnin , Thierry Wiss , Christophe Jégou Fission products and minor actinides arising from spent fuel reprocessing are immobilized in a borosilicate matrix known as high level nuclear waste glass (i.e. HLW glass). Glass packages are intended eventually for disposal in a geological repository. The long-term behavior of HLW glass subjected to radiation by long-life radionuclides must thus be investigated with respect to geological disposal. The present arti...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Resumption of Alteration at High Temperature and pH: Rates Measurements and Comparison with Initial Rates
In this study, leach tests performed with the International Simple Glass (ISG) at high buffered pH and 90°C show that the lower is the pH, the later is the resumption of alteration and the lower is the dissolution rate. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the resumption of alteration rate is an order of magnitude lower than the initial dissolution rate and two orders of magnitude higher than the rate of the “plateau stage” preceding the sharp increase of the corrosion rate. (Source: Procedia Materials Science)
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Development of an Experimental Design to Investigate the Effects of R7T7 Glass Composition on the Residual Rate of Alteration
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Benjamin Fleury , Nicole Godon , André Ayral , Damien Perret , Jean-Luc Dussossoy , Stéphane Gin A mixture design method is developed to investigate the effects of R7T7 glass composition on the residual rate of alteration in di-ionized water at 50°C. The 12 variables are SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, Al2O3, CaO, ZnO, NiO + CoO, Fe2O3, MoO3, ZrO2, FP remaining (Fission Products and actinides remaining) and platinoïds. The method is detailed in this paper and a following publication will deal with the results of its implementation. This experimen...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
The Effect of Composition on Short- and Long-term Durability of UK HLW Glass
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Mike T. Harrison An understanding of the aqueous durability of glass is essential for determining the dissolution and release of radionuclides from vitrified nuclear waste in a geological disposal facility over short and long timescales. There are many factors that determine the rate of glass dissolution in aqueous solution, and environmental factors such as temperature and pH will be significant. However, in terms of glass properties, the composition has the biggest influence on aqueous durability. The majority of High Level Waste (HLW) wor...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
The French SON68 Glass Vapor Hydration under Different Atmospheres
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Abdelouahed Ait Chaou , Abdesselam Abdelouas , Yassine El Mendili , Rachid Bouakkaz , Christelle Martin We investigated the role of pH in the vapor hydration at 175 o C of the French SON68 glass using controlled atmospheres. Hence, experiments were conducted under ammonia and hydrogen sulfide to respectively simulate high and low pH conditions. Results were compared with those obtained under air. Glass hydration and surface analysis were conducted by FTIR, SEM and μ-Raman spectrometry. The glass hydration is ten times higher under NH3 ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Micro-channel as a New Tool to Investigate Glass Dissolution Kinetics
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): Yaohiro Inagaki A reliable modeling of the long-term dissolution of HLW glass requires sufficient evaluation of the glass dissolution kinetics including a sound understandings of reaction mechanism. For the evaluation of glass dissolution kinetics, we need much more data on the glass dissolution rate measured precisely, consistently and systematically under various well-constrained test conditions. The current standard test methods, unfortunately, cannot provide enough data for the kinetic evaluation. Therefore, we should improve or develop ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Open Scientific Questions about Nuclear Glass Corrosion
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): S. Gin Nuclear glass corrosion by groundwater involves coupled processes at various scales that need to be well understood to develop predictive kinetic models. Here we highlight and discuss key scientific questions arising from the current state of knowledge and presentations given at the SumGLASS 2013 summer school. These issues concern fundamental processes as well as how chemical, hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical constraints related to the design of the multi-barrier system in the geological disposal facility affect the rate-limiting m...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Rheological Properties of Nuclear Glass Melt Containing Platinum Group Metals
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): J. Puig , B. Penelon , P. Marchal , M. Neyret Dispersions of undissolved palladium or ruthenium in nuclear glass can affect the glass flow during the vitrification process. As a consequence, one of the major challenges in nuclear glass elaboration is to understand and control the rheological behavior of glass melts. In this context, this work aims at describing accurately the rheological behavior of glass melts containing platinum group metals to better model the thermal hydraulics in vitrification process. A Searle viscometer has been us...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Compositional Models of Glass/Melt Properties and their Use for Glass Formulation
Publication date: 2014 Source:Procedia Materials Science, Volume 7 Author(s): John D. Vienna Nuclear waste glasses must simultaneously meet a number of criteria related to their processability, product quality, and cost factors. The properties that must be controlled in glass formulation and waste vitrification plant operation tend to vary smoothly with composition allowing for glass property-composition models to be developed and used. Models have been fit to the key glass properties. The properties are transformed so that simple functions of composition (e.g., linear, polynomial, or component ratios) can be used as ...
Source: Procedia Materials Science - December 19, 2014 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
