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Assessing ocular bulbar redness: a comparison of methods
ConclusionsDigital imaging processing, using relative Red‐channel activity, was the least variable of the three techniques. The R‐scan and IER showed similar intra‐observer variability. The linear relationship between R‐scan and Red‐value suggests that the R‐scan could be derived using similar methods. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - November 1, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Laura E. Downie, Peter R. Keller, Algis J. Vingrys Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Scope of practice of optometrists working in the UK Hospital Eye Service: a national survey
ConclusionsWhile optometrists working within the UK HES continue to undertake the traditional clinical roles of refraction, clinically necessary contact lenses, and low vision rehabilitation, it is clear that these professionals now undertake a wide range of extended clinical roles, with a transformed scope of practice now incorporating diverse roles traditionally undertaken by medical practitioners. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - November 1, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Robert Harper, Rosalind Creer, Jonathan Jackson, Daniel Ehrlich, Andrew Tompkin, Michael Bowen, Cindy Tromans Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Dizziness, but not falls rate, improves after routine cataract surgery: the role of refractive and spectacle changes
ConclusionsDizziness is significantly reduced by first (or both) eye cataract surgery and this is linked with improvements in best eye visual acuity, although changes in oblique astigmatic correction increased dizziness. The lack of improvement in falls rate may be associated with switching into multifocal spectacle wear after surgery. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - November 1, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Elvira Supuk, Alison Alderson, Christopher J. Davey, Clare Green, Norman Litvin, Andrew J. Scally, David B. Elliott Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Myopia revisited, 2010–2015
(Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: W Neil Charman Tags: Virtual Issue Editorial Source Type: research

Is it time to confine Snellen charts to the annals of history?
Abstract PurposeA paper published by the author in 1988 in this journal provided some important findings about the lack of precision of visual acuity (VA) measures made with commonly used Snellen charts and the advantages of using letter charts designed using the principles proposed by Bailey and Lovie in 1976. That 1988 paper has been cited a number of times since, mostly supporting the findings. The purpose of this review is to examine the changes that have occurred in VA measurement in research and clinical practice since that earlier study. Recent findingsWhile precise measures of VA using Bailey–Lovie or ETDRS chart...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jan E. Lovie‐Kitchin Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A commentary on ‘Amplitude spectra of natural images’
Abstract Tolhurst, Tadmor and Tang Chao (Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1992; 12: 229‐232)published their analyses of the Fourier spectra of 135 digitised monochrome photographs of everyday scenes. In 2015, this would be a trivial exercise, but in 1992, this stretched emerging computer technology to its desktop limits. The short paper made an impact because it provided a handle for extending vision science beyond laboratory stimuli such as sinewave gratings into a real world of real visual scenes and real visual tasks. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David J. Tolhurst Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Clinical evaluation of the Shin‐Nippon SRW‐5000 autorefractor in adults: an update
Abstract PurposeThe Shin‐Nippon SRW‐5000 is an open view autorefractor that superseded the Canon R‐1 autorefractor in the mid‐1990s and has been used widely in optometry and vision science laboratories. It has been used to measure refractive error, accommodation responses both statically and dynamically, off‐axis refractive error, and adapted to measure pupil size. This paper presents an overview of the original 2001 clinical evaluation of the SRW‐5000 in adults (Mallen et al., Ophthal Physiol Opt 2001; 21: 101) and provides an update on the use and modification of the instrument since the original publication...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Edward A. H. Mallen, Bernard Gilmartin, James S. Wolffsohn, Sei‐ichi Tsujimura Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Differences in the accommodation stimulus response curves of adult myopes and emmetropes: a summary and update
Abstract PurposeTo provide a summary of the classic paper “Differences in the accommodation stimulus response curves of adult myopes and emmetropes” published in Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics in 1998 and to provide an update on the topic of accommodation errors in myopia. SummaryThe accommodation responses of 33 participants (10 emmetropes, 11 early onset myopes and 12 late onset myopes) aged 18–31 years were measured using the Canon Autoref R‐1 free space autorefractor using three methods to vary the accommodation demand: decreasing distance (4 m to 0.25 cm), negative lenses (0 to −4 D at 4 m) and posi...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Katrina L Schmid, Niall C Strang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Refractive plasticity of the developing chick eye: a summary and update
ConclusionsA growing body of evidence, from both animal models and human clinical trials indicates that the development of myopia is related both to genetics and environment / lifestyle. Nevertheless, we are far from understanding how this interaction takes place. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Elizabeth L. Irving, Jacob G. Sivak, Murchison G. Callender Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

31st International Pupil Colloquium, Pembroke College, University of Oxford, UK; 13th–17th September 2015
(Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Last issue of our 90th anniversary
(Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 23, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: David B. Elliott Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

From corneal shape to ocular wavefront in eyes with aspheric IOLs: the feasibility of IOL customisation
ConclusionThe defocus, astigmatism, vertical coma, and spherical aberration terms of the ocular wavefront are strongly associated with the corneal shape in pseudophakic eyes and may thus be predicted from the corneal shape and other eye characteristics. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 21, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tim Jong, Carmen Canovas, Henk Weeber, Nomdo M. Jansonius Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Prevalence and causes of reduced visual acuity among children aged three to six years in a metropolis in China
ConclusionsThe burden of reduced VA in preschool children in China was similar to that of Asian children of similar ages in the United States. Uncorrected refractive error and amblyopia were the principal causes for reduced VA among preschoolers (aged three to 6 years) in China. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 2, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chen‐Wei Pan, Xuejuan Chen, Yu Gong, Jiajia Yu, Hui Ding, Jing Bai, Ji Chen, Hui Zhu, Zhujun Fu, Hu Liu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Influence of education and diagnostic modes on glaucoma assessment by optometrists
ConclusionThe study highlighted the importance of combining both structural and functional assessments in glaucoma. Current imaging technology demonstrated limited usefulness for event diagnosis due to the persistent difficulties of defining structural and functional loss in glaucoma, thus highlighting the need for new glaucoma assessment techniques. Short‐term didactic teaching programs may only result in limited improvement of glaucoma diagnostic ability in optometrists, and hence, it may need to be combined with long‐term and/or non‐didactic training components to obtain a greater effect. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - October 2, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nayuta Yoshioka, Elizabeth Wong, Michael Kalloniatis, Michael Yapp, Michael P. Hennessy, Ashish Agar, Paul R. Healey, Andrew Hayen, Barbara Zangerl Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Age and the amplitude of accommodation measured using dynamic retinoscopy
ConclusionMeasurements of AA determined using DR are significantly lower than the normative subjective findings published previously. This difference is at least partly due to the depth‐of‐field of the eye. These norms markedly overestimate accommodative responsivity. DR provides a simple technique for quantifying accommodation in the clinical setting. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - September 9, 2015 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Alejandro León, Jorge M. Estrada, Mark Rosenfield Tags: Original Article Source Type: research