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SyntEyes KTC: higher order statistical eye model for developing keratoconus
ConclusionThe synthetic data provided by the proposed keratoconus model closely resembles actual clinical data and may be used for a range of research applications when (sufficient) real data is not available. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 28, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jos J. Rozema, Pablo Rodriguez, Irene Ruiz Hidalgo, Rafael Navarro, Marie ‐José Tassignon, Carina Koppen Tags: Feature Issue Article Source Type: research

Omega ‐3 supplementation is neuroprotective to corneal nerves in dry eye disease: a pilot study
ConclusionThese pilot study findings suggest that ω‐3 EFA supplementation imparts neuroprotective effects in the corneal sub‐basal plexus that correlate with the extent of tear osmolarity normalisation. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 28, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Holly Rose Chinnery, Cecilia Naranjo Golborne, Laura Elizabeth Downie Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Functional visual fields: relationship of visual field areas to self ‐reported function
ConclusionMean threshold of the binocular visual field to 60° eccentricity is a good predictor of self‐reported function overall, and particularly of mobility function. Both the central (0–30°) and peripheral (30–60°) mean threshold are good predictors of self‐reported function, but the peripheral (30–0°) field is a slightly better predictor of mobility function, and should not be ignored when considering functional consequences of field loss. The inferior visual field is a slightly stronger predictor of perceived overall and mobility function than the superior field. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 28, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hikmat Subhi, Keziah Latham, Joy Myint, Michael D. Crossland Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The (lack of) relation between straylight and visual acuity. Two domains of the point ‐spread‐function
ConclusionsThe point‐spread‐function of the normal ageing and cataractous human eye is built upon two rather independent basic parts. Aberrations control the central peak. Light scattering controls the periphery from about 1° onwards. The way acuity and straylight are measured ensures no confounding between them. Statistically within the normal ageing and cataract populations, visual acuity and straylight vary quite independently from each other. Visual acuity losses with cataract and other media opacities are not due to straylight, but caused by aberrations and micro‐aberrations. Straylight defines disability glare...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 28, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thomas J. T. P. Berg Tags: Feature Issue Article Source Type: research

Optical characteristics of Alvarez variable ‐power spectacles
ConclusionsWithin their designed power ranges, optical performance of currently‐available Alvarez variable‐power spectacles appears to be adequate to correct the distance and near vision of spherical ametropes. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 17, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hema Radhakrishnan, W. Neil Charman Tags: Feature Issue Article Source Type: research

Visual impairment in older institutionalised Canadian seniors with dementia
ConclusionsOur data showed that an appreciable proportion (37.3%) of older residents with dementia also have VI, and that VI can be corrected in many by updating their refraction. Others could potentially be helped through cataract surgery. It is therefore important to offer regular eye care services to those residents, knowing that many are not able to express their visual needs. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Estefania Chriqui, Caroline Law, Marie ‐Jeanne Kergoat, Bernard‐Simon Leclerc, Hélène Kergoat Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Systematic review and meta ‐analysis of the association of Autism Spectrum Disorder in visually or hearing impaired children
ConclusionThere is a high association of ASD in VI or HI children and therefore these populations should be assessed for ASD in the presence of a visual or hearing disability. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Belinda Do, Paige Lynch, Elena ‐Marie Macris, Brianna Smyth, Stephanie Stavrinakis, Stephen Quinn, Paul A Constable Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

What do patients think about the role of optometrists in providing advice about smoking and nutrition?
ConclusionsThis study provides novel insight into patients’ perceptions and experience with optometric practice in the areas of tobacco smoking and nutrition. The majority of respondents expected their optometrist to examine their eye health, ask them about their smoking and diet habits, and indicated feeling comfortable discussing these topics with their primary eye care provider. These findings suggest that brief advice interventions relating to tobacco use and diet are likely to be acceptable to deliver in optometry practice. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Laura E. Downie, Amanda Douglass, Daryl Guest, Peter R. Keller Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A comparison of the self ‐reported dry eye practices of New Zealand optometrists and ophthalmologists
ConclusionsConsistent with evidence‐based guidelines, New Zealand eye care professionals combine subjective and objective techniques to diagnose and stratify dry eye management according to disease severity. There is potential to improve dissemination of research evidence into clinical practice, with continuing education via professional conferences the favoured mode of delivery. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ally L. Xue, Laura E. Downie, Susan E. Ormonde, Jennifer P. Craig Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Night ‐time pedestrian conspicuity: effects of clothing on drivers’ eye movements
ConclusionAdding biomotion reflectors to the vest facilitated earlier recognition of pedestrians and faster identification of the direction that the pedestrian faced. These findings confirm that the conspicuity advantages of biomotion configurations on pedestrians at night result in part from drivers fixating pedestrians earlier and more efficiently. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Joanne M. Wood, Richard A. Tyrrell, Philippe Lacherez, Alex A. Black Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A national survey of the use of pachymeters by optometrists in Scotland: experience, views and barriers to use
ConclusionsAlthough the majority of optometrists were interested in performing pachymetry, many lacked confidence in performing and interpreting the results. Forty‐one percent of those who reported training in pachymetry still used non‐validated scales to convert IOP measurements illustrating the need for further training. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Colin Goudie, Savva Pronin, Helen Court, Janet Pooley, Andrew J. Tatham Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

A comparison of Goldmann III, V and spatially equated test stimuli in visual field testing: the importance of complete and partial spatial summation
ConclusionsWhilst GV may be used to reliably predict GIII values in normal subjects, there was less concordance in glaucoma patients. Similarities in ‘event’ detection and defect depth in the central VF were consistent with the fact that GIII and GV operate within partial summation in this region. Eccentricity‐dependent effects in ‘events’ and defect depth were congruent with changes in spatial summation across the VF and the increase in critical area with disease. The spatially equated test stimuli showed the greatest number of defective locations and larger sensitivity loss. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jack Phu, Sieu K. Khuu, Barbara Zangerl, Michael Kalloniatis Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Peripheral aberrations in adult hyperopes, emmetropes and myopes
ConclusionsHyperopes and emmetropes had greater relative peripheral myopia than myopes. There was asymmetry in RPRE along the vertical meridian for hyperopes which was not present in the emmetropes, suggesting there may be asymmetries in peripheral eye length along the vertical meridian for the former. Higher‐order aberrations were affected by field eccentricity, but refractive error affected only the spherical aberration coefficient, which was more positive for hyperopes than for other groups. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu, Marwan Suheimat, David A. Atchison Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Accommodation and pupil behaviour of binocularly viewing early presbyopes
ConclusionPrior to the early 40s, changes in accommodation are restricted to a reduction in amplitude, but during the 40s the continued loss of accommodative amplitude is accompanied by a concurrent drop in accommodative gain. Therefore, reduced near image quality in early presbyopes is caused by lower accommodative amplitudes and gains, which may explain the apparent acceleration in symptoms and near add prescriptions during the mid to late 40s. (Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics)
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Meznah S. Almutairi, Basal H. Altoaimi, Arthur Bradley Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Slope of psychometric functions and termination rule analysis for low contrast acuity charts
ConclusionOur Monte Carlo modelling showed that such differences in acuity psychometric functions would be expected to give greater intra‐subject variability in low contrast letter‐by‐letter acuity thresholds than for high contrast letter‐by‐letter acuity thresholds, and that this difference would depend on the termination rule used when measuring acuity. Likewise the variation in letter‐by‐ letter acuity thresholds with termination rule will be different for high and low contrast charts. For low contrast and high contrast Sloan letter charts in a standard logarithmic format, a termination rule of four mistak...
Source: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics - February 16, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Andrew Carkeet, Ian L. Bailey Tags: Original Article Source Type: research