Dietary pattern analysis and biomarkers of low‐grade inflammation: a systematic literature review
In conclusion, prospective studies are warranted to confirm the reported findings and further analyze associations, particularly by investigating dietary patterns as risk factors for changes in inflammatory markers over time. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Janett Barbaresko, Manja Koch, Matthias B Schulze, Ute Nöthlings Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Factors that determine energy compensation: a systematic review of preload studies
Insufficient energy compensation after a preload (meal, snack, or beverage) has been associated with excess energy intake, but experimental studies have used heterogeneous methodologies, making energy compensation difficult to predict. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the relative contributions of two key variables, preload physical form and intermeal interval (IMI), to differences in energy compensation. Forty‐eight publications were included, from which percent energy compensation (%EC) data were extracted for 253 interventions (121 liquid, 69 semisolid, 20 solid, and 43 composite preloads). Energy comp...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Eva Almiron‐Roig, Luigi Palla, Kathryn Guest, Cassandra Ricchiuti, Neil Vint, Susan A Jebb, Adam Drewnowski Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Influence of iron status on risk of maternal or neonatal infection and on neonatal mortality with an emphasis on developing countries
Infection is a major cause of neonatal death in developing countries. This review investigates whether host iron status affects the risk of maternal and/or neonatal infection, potentially contributing to neonatal death, and summarizes the iron acquisition mechanisms described for pathogens causing stillbirth, preterm birth, and congenital infection. In vitro evidence shows that iron availability influences the severity and chronicity of infections that cause these negative outcomes of pregnancy. In vivo evidence is lacking, as relevant studies of maternal iron supplementation have not assessed the effect of iron status on ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - June 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Loretta Brabin, Bernard J Brabin, Sabine Gies Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
The epigenome as a potential mediator of cancer and disease prevention in prenatal development
Epigenetic events establish a particular gene expression signature for each cell type during differentiation and fertilization. Disruption of these epigenetic programs in response to environmental stimuli during prenatal exposure dysregulates the fetal epigenome, potentially impacting susceptibility to disease later in life (the fetal basis of adult disease). Maternal dietary modifications during gestation and lactation play a pivotal role in the period of fetal (re)programming. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the impact of maternal nutrition on the fetal epigenome. This review discusses the complex interplay amon...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 15, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pushpinder Kaur, Lyndsey E Shorey, Emily Ho, Roderick H Dashwood, David E Williams Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Ethanol metabolism and its effects on the intestinal epithelial barrier
In conclusion, ethanol and its metabolites may act additively or even synergistically in vivo. Therefore, in vivo studies investigating the effects of ethanol and its byproducts on permeability of the small and large intestines are warranted. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 6, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elhaseen E Elamin, Ad A Masclee, Jan Dekker, Daisy M Jonkers Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Use of dual X‐ray absorptiometry to measure body mass during short‐ to medium‐term trials of nutrition and exercise interventions
The objective of this review is to discuss inter‐ and intradevice variation of DXA instruments and to outline quality control procedures that should be implemented prior to initiating short‐term single or multicenter clinical trials that use DXA to investigate the effects of an intervention on loss or accretion of lean or fat mass. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 2, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Christopher PF Marinangeli, Amira N Kassis Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Evidence of health benefits of canola oil
Canola oil‐based diets have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with diets containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Consumption of canola oil also influences biological functions that affect various other biomarkers of disease risk. Previous reviews have focused on the health effects of individual components of canola oil. Here, the objective is to address the health effects of intact canola oil, as this has immediate practical implications for consumers, nutritionists, and others deciding which oil to consume or recommend. A literature search was conducted to examine the effects of can...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 2, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Lin Lin, Hanja Allemekinders, Angela Dansby, Lisa Campbell, Shaunda Durance‐Tod, Alvin Berger, Peter JH Jones Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Association between weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention and obesity: a bias‐adjusted meta‐analysis
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in women. The strength of the association between GWG and long‐term PPWR and body mass index (BMI), however, is still unclear. Publications from different databases were systematically extracted and the articles relevant to this study were reviewed to quantify the effect estimate of GWG on PPWR and BMI using a bias‐adjusted method. The Institute of Medicine categories of “inadequate,” “adequate,” and “excess” were used to define GWG. The time span for PPWR was divided into three periods (<1 year, 1 year to 9 years, ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 2, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Munim Mannan, Suhail AR Doi, Abdullah A Mamun Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease
Sulfur is the seventh most abundant element measurable in the human body and is supplied mainly by the intake of methionine (Met), an indispensable amino acid found in plant and animal proteins. Met controls the initiation of protein synthesis, governs major metabolic and catalytic activities, and may undergo reversible redox processes safeguarding protein integrity. Withdrawal of Met from customary diets causes the greatest downsizing of lean body mass following either unachieved replenishment (malnutrition) or excessive losses (inflammation). These physiopathologically unrelated morbidities nevertheless stimulate compara...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yves Ingenbleek, Hideo Kimura Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Diet beverages and the risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence
The objective of the present review is to provide a synthesis of the literature on the effects of ASBs on body weight, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Consumption of diet beverages is much lower than that of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs), and people trying to lose weight report the highest levels of ASB consumption. To date, prospective observational studies have revealed mixed results, and it appears that reverse causality is a particular problem, since individuals who are at higher risk for weight gain may choose to consume ASBs in an attempt to control their weight or reduce disease risk. As for experi...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - May 1, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mark A Pereira Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Dietary fiber and the risk of precancerous lesions and cancer of the esophagus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Dietary fiber has several anticarcinogenic effects and is thought to be protective against esophageal cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the association between dietary fiber and the risk of esophageal cancer by investigating histological subtypes of esophageal cancer and the stage at which fiber may influence the carcinogenic pathway. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant studies, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were combined using random‐effects meta‐analyses to assess the risk of cancer when comparing extreme categories of fiber intake. Ten relevant case‐control studies ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 27, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Helen G Coleman, Liam J Murray, Blanaid Hicks, Shivaram K Bhat, Ai Kubo, Douglas A Corley, Chris R Cardwell, Marie M Cantwell Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Bioavailability of vitamin E in humans: an update
Vitamin E is essential for human health and may play a role in the prevention of some degenerative diseases. Its bioavailability, however, is wide ranging and is affected by numerous factors. Recent findings showing that the intestinal absorption of vitamin E involves proteins have raised new relevant questions about factors that can affect bioavailability. It is, therefore, opportune to present a current overview of this topic. This review begins by exploring what is known, as well as what is unknown, about the metabolization of vitamin E in the human upper gastrointestinal tract and then presents a methodical evaluation ...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 24, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Patrick Borel, Damien Preveraud, Charles Desmarchelier Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Developmental changes and fructose absorption in children: effect on malabsorption testing and dietary management
Fructose malabsorption came to prominence in the pediatric arena as so‐called “apple juice diarrhea,” with excess consumption of fructose being linked to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Over the past two decades the amount of fructose in children's diets has been increasing in the United States. A test for fructose malabsorption has yet to be fully validated, due mainly to the lack of an established etiology. In animal models, however, the fructose transporter GLUT5 is developmentally regulated, and this could be consistent with the greater susceptibility of children, especially toddler...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 16, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hilary F Jones, Ross N Butler, David J Moore, Doug A Brooks Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Meat, fish, and esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis
Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are well defined, while the role of diet in these conditions remains controversial. To help elucidate the role of particular dietary components, major bibliographic databases were searched for published studies (1990–2011) on associations between esophageal cancer risk (EC) and consumption of various types of meat and fish. Random‐effects models and dose‐response meta‐analyses were used to pool study results. Subgroup analyses were conducted by histological subtype, study design, and nationality. Four cohorts and 31 case...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 11, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Maryam Salehi, Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh, Mohhamad Hossein Salehi, Marziyeh Nojomi, Fariba Kolahdooz Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food
Consumption of takeaway and fast food continues to increase in Western societies and is particularly widespread among adolescents. Since food is known to play an important role in both the development and prevention of many diseases, there is no doubt that the observed changes in dietary patterns affect the quality of the diet as well as public health. The present review examines the nutritional characteristics of takeaway and fast food items, including their energy density, total fat, and saturated and trans fatty acid content. It also reports on the association between the consumption of such foods and health outcomes. W...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - April 11, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Agnieszka Jaworowska, Toni Blackham, Ian G Davies, Leonard Stevenson Tags: Nutrition Science ↔ Policy Source Type: research
