Nutrition and brain development in early life
Presented here is an overview of the pathway from early nutrient deficiency to long‐term brain function, cognition, and productivity, focusing on research from low‐ and middle‐income countries. Animal models have demonstrated the importance of adequate nutrition for the neurodevelopmental processes that occur rapidly during pregnancy and infancy, such as neuron proliferation and myelination. However, several factors influence whether nutrient deficiencies during this period cause permanent cognitive deficits in human populations, including the child's interaction with the environment, the timing and degree of nutrien...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - March 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elizabeth L Prado, Kathryn G Dewey Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Beyond the Paleolithic prescription: Authors’ reply to Commentary
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - March 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bethany L Turner, Amanda L Thompson Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Criteria for validation and selection of cognitive tests for investigating the effects of foods and nutrients
This review is an output of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Marker Initiative, which aims to identify evidence‐based criteria for selecting adequate measures of nutrient effects on health through comprehensive literature review. Experts in cognitive and nutrition sciences examined the applicability of these proposed criteria to the field of cognition with respect to the various cognitive domains usually assessed to reflect brain or neurological function. This review covers cognitive domains important in the assessment of neuronal integrity and function, commonly used tests and their state of valid...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 22, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Celeste A Jager, Louise Dye, Eveline A Bruin, Laurie Butler, John Fletcher, Daniel J Lamport, Marie E Latulippe, Jeremy PE Spencer, Keith Wesnes Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Evidence‐based evaluation of potential benefits and safety of beta‐alanine supplementation for military personnel
This Department of Defense‐sponsored evidence‐based review evaluates the safety and putative outcomes of enhancement of athletic performance or improved recovery from exhaustion in studies involving beta‐alanine alone or in combination with other ingredients. Beta‐alanine intervention studies and review articles were collected from 13 databases, and safety information was collected from adverse event reporting portals. Due to the lack of systematic studies involving military populations, all the available literature was assessed with a subgroup analysis of studies on athletes to determine if beta‐alanine would be...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 22, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Richard Ko, Tieraona Low Dog, Dennis KJ Gorecki, Louis R Cantilena, Rebecca B Costello, William J Evans, Mary L Hardy, Scott A Jordan, Ronald J Maughan, Janet W Rankin, Abbie E Smith‐Ryan, Luis G Valerio, Donnamaria Jones, Patricia Deuster, Gabriel I Gi Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Cognitive function: criteria for validation and selection of cognitive tests for investigating the effects of foods and nutrients
This review is an output of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Marker Initiative, which aims to identify evidence‐based criteria for selecting adequate measures of nutrient effects on health through comprehensive literature review. Experts in cognitive and nutrition sciences examined the applicability of these proposed criteria to the field of cognition with respect to the various cognitive domains usually assessed to reflect brain or neurological function. This review covers cognitive domains important in the assessment of neuronal integrity and function, commonly used tests and their state of valid...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 22, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Celeste A Jager, Louise Dye, Eveline A Bruin, Laurie Butler, John Fletcher, Daniel J Lamport, Marie E Latulippe, Jeremy PE Spencer, Keith Wesnes Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Nutritional influences over the life course on lean body mass of individuals in developing countries
The double burden of childhood undernutrition and adult‐onset adiposity in transitioning societies poses a significant public health challenge. The development of suboptimal lean body mass (LBM) could partly explain the link between these two forms of malnutrition. This review examines the evidence on both the role of nutrition in “developmental programming” of LBM and the nutritional influences that affect LBM throughout the life course. Studies from developing countries assessing the relationship of early nutrition with later LBM provide important insights. Overall, the evidence is consistent in suggesting a positi...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 22, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bharati Kulkarni, Andrew P Hills, Nuala M Byrne Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: a systematic review
Bovine colostrum, the first milk that cows produce after parturition, contains high levels of growth factors and immunomodulatory components. Some healthy and diseased individuals may gain health benefits by consuming bovine colostrum as a food supplement. This review provides a systematic, critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge in this area. Fifty‐one eligible studies were identified from the following databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Studies were heterogeneous with regard to populations, outcomes, and method...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mathias Rathe, Klaus Müller, Per Torp Sangild, Steffen Husby Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Seaweed and human health
Seaweeds may have an important role in modulating chronic disease. Rich in unique bioactive compounds not present in terrestrial food sources, including different proteins (lectins, phycobiliproteins, peptides, and amino acids), polyphenols, and polysaccharides, seaweeds are a novel source of compounds with potential to be exploited in human health applications. Purported benefits include antiviral, anticancer, and anticoagulant properties as well as the ability to modulate gut health and risk factors for obesity and diabetes. Though the majority of studies have been performed in cell and animal models, there is evidence o...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Emma M Brown, Philip J Allsopp, Pamela J Magee, Chris IR Gill, Sonja Nitecki, Conall R Strain, Emeir M McSorley Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Systematic review using meta‐analyses to estimate dose‐response relationships between iodine intake and biomarkers of iodine status in different population groups
The objective of this systematic review was to identify studies investigating iodine intake and biomarkers of iodine status, to assess the data of the selected studies, and to estimate dose‐response relationships using meta‐analysis. All randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, nested case‐control studies, and cross‐sectional studies that supplied or measured dietary iodine and measured iodine biomarkers were included. The overall pooled regression coefficient (β) and the standard error of β were calculated by random‐effects meta‐analysis on a double‐log scale, using the calculated intake...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Danijela Ristić‐Medić, Carla Dullemeijer, Jasna Tepsić, Gordana Petrović‐Oggiano, Tamara Popović, Aleksandra Arsić, Marija Glibetić, Olga W Souverein, Rachel Collings, Adriënne Cavelaars, Lisette Groot, Pieter Veer, Mirjana Gurinović Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
John A. Milner, 1947−2013: A Champion of Nutrition
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - February 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Naomi K Fukagawa, Allison Worden Tags: Tribute Source Type: research
Fortification: new findings and implications
This article reviews the current landscape regarding food fortification in the United States; the content is based on a workshop sponsored by the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute. Fortification of the food supply with vitamins and minerals is a public health strategy to enhance nutrient intakes of the population without increasing caloric intake. Many individuals in the United States would not achieve recommended micronutrient intakes without fortification of the food supply. The achievement and maintenance of a desirable level of nutritional quality in the nation's food supply is, thus, a...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - January 21, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Johanna T Dwyer, Catherine Woteki, Regan Bailey, Patricia Britten, Alicia Carriquiry, P Courtney Gaine, Dennis Miller, Alanna Moshfegh, Mary M Murphy, Marianne Smith Edge Tags: Nutrition Science ↔ Policy Source Type: research
Reviewer Acknowledgment
(Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - January 8, 2014 Category: Nutrition Tags: Reviewer Acknowledgment Source Type: research
Predicting muscle mass from anthropometry using magnetic resonance imaging as reference: a systematic review
In conclusion, one simple prediction equation shows promise, but it has not been validated in a separate population with different investigators. Furthermore, it did not incorporate widely available trunk/limb girths, which have offered valuable prediction of body composition in other studies. (Source: Nutrition Reviews)
Source: Nutrition Reviews - January 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Yasmin Y Al‐Gindan, Catherine R Hankey, Wilma Leslie, Lindsay Govan, Michael EJ Lean Tags: Special Article Source Type: research
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and chronic stress‐induced modulations of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus
Chronic stress causes the release of glucocorticoids, which greatly influence cerebral function, especially glutamatergic transmission. These stress‐induced changes in neurotransmission could be counteracted by increasing the dietary intake of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs). Numerous studies have described the capacity of n‐3 PUFAs to help protect glutamatergic neurotransmission from damage induced by stress and glucocorticoids, possibly preventing the development of stress‐related disorders such as depression or anxiety. The hippocampus contains glucocorticoid receptors and is involved in learni...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - January 1, 2014 Category: Nutrition Authors: Marie Hennebelle, Gaëlle Champeil‐Potokar, Monique Lavialle, Sylvie Vancassel, Isabelle Denis Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes
Despite its contribution to nutrient intake and status, consumption of milk and dairy products by children and adolescents in many countries has waned in recent decades, with a substantial proportion of youth failing to meet intake recommendations. Dairy products remain an important dietary source of multiple micronutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iodine, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and riboflavin (vitamin B2). In addition, dairy products provide children with energy, high‐quality protein, and essential and nonessential fatty acids. A review of evidence was conducted to evaluate...
Source: Nutrition Reviews - December 13, 2013 Category: Nutrition Authors: Daphna K Dror, Lindsay H Allen Tags: Lead Article Source Type: research
