Proton radiation-induced cancer progression
In this study, we compared the long-term side effects of proton radiation to equivalent doses of X-rays in the initiation and progression of premalignant lesions in a lung cancer susceptible mouse model (K-rasLA1). We show proton irradiation causes more complex DNA damage that is not completely repaired resulting in increased oxidative stress in the lungs both acutely and persistently. We further observed K-rasLA1 mice irradiated with protons had an increased number and size of initiated and premalignant lesions and adenomas that were often infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Proton irradiated mice had a lower median surv...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - August 18, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
IFC - Editorial Board
Publication date: August 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 18Author(s): (Source: Life Sciences in Space Research)
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - August 10, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
42nd COSPAR Assembly
Publication date: August 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 18Author(s): (Source: Life Sciences in Space Research)
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - August 10, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Tardigrade Indexing approach on exoplanets
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space ResearchAuthor(s): Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh, Milena Roszkowska, Łukasz KaczmarekAbstractFinding life on other worlds is a fascinating area of astrobiology and planetary sciences. Presently, over 3800 exoplanets, representing a very wide range of physical and chemical environments, are known. Scientists are not only looking for traces of life outside Earth, but they are also trying to find out which of Earth's known organisms (ex: tardigrades (water bears)) would be able to survive on other planets. In our study, we have established a metric tool...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - August 8, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Impact of light quality and space weather in Alexandrium catenella (Dinophyceae) cultures
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space ResearchAuthor(s): Paulo ValeAbstractThe chain-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella was grown with LED or fluorescent light. With LED light, the pool of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) with strong antioxidant properties, such as mycosporine-glycine and palythene, was reduced in comparison to fluorescent light. The conjugated MAAs M-320 and M-335/360 presented similar stability to light and oxidation than their respective more sensitive moiety: mycosporine-glycine and palythene, respectively. A. catenella was exposed to extracellular h...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 31, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
HZETRN radiation transport validation using balloon-based experimental data
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): James E. Warner, Ryan B. Norman, Steve R. BlattnigAbstractThe deterministic radiation transport code HZETRN (High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport) was developed by NASA to study the effects of cosmic radiation on astronauts and instrumentation shielded by various materials. This work presents an analysis of computed differential flux from HZETRN compared with measurement data from three balloon-based experiments over a range of atmospheric depths, particle types, and energies. Model uncertainties were quantified using an interval-based v...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
IFC - Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): (Source: Life Sciences in Space Research)
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Biological filters and their use in potable water filtration systems in spaceflight conditions
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): Starla G. Thornhill, Manish KumarAbstractProviding drinking water to space missions such as the International Space Station (ISS) is a costly requirement for human habitation. To limit the costs of water transport, wastewater is collected and purified using a variety of physical and chemical means. To date, sand-based biofilters have been designed to function against gravity, and biofilms have been shown to form in microgravity conditions. Development of a universal silver-recycling biological filter system that is able to function in bo...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
If technological intelligent extraterrestrials exist, what biological traits are de rigueur
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): E.R. TaylorAbstractIf extraterrestrials exist in the depths of cosmic space, and are capable of interstellar communications, even space flight, there is no requirement that they be humanoid in form. However, certain humanoid capabilities would be advantageous for tool fashioning and critical to operating space craft as well as functioning under the disparate extreme conditions under which they may be forced to operate. They would have to be “gas breathing”. The reasonable assumption that life based upon the same elements as Earth lif...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Development of a step-down method for altering male C57BL/6 mouse housing density and hierarchical structure: Preparations for spaceflight studies
This study was initiated as a component of a larger undertaking designed to study bone healing in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Spaceflight experimentation introduces multiple challenges not seen in ground studies, especially with regard to physical space, limited resources, and inability to easily reproduce results. Together, these can lead to diminished statistical power and increased risk of failure. It is because of the limited space, and need for improved statistical power by increasing sample size over historical numbers, NASA studies involving mice require housing mice at densities highe...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A urine-fuelled soil-based bioregenerative life support system for long-term and long-distance manned space missions
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): Federico Maggi, Fiona H.M. Tang, Céline Pallud, Chuanhui GuAbstractA soil-based cropping unit fuelled with human urine for long-term manned space missions was investigated with the aim to analyze whether a closed-loop nutrient cycle from human liquid wastes was achievable. Its ecohydrology and biogeochemistry were analysed in microgravity with the use of an advanced computational tool. Urine from the crew was used to supply primary (N, P, and K) and secondary (S, Ca and Mg) nutrients to wheat and soybean plants in the controlled croppin...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Early effects of 16O radiation on neuronal morphology and cognition in a murine model
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): Hannah Carr, Tyler C. Alexander, Thomas Groves, Frederico Kiffer, Jing Wang, Elvin Price, Marjan Boerma, Antiño R. AllenAbstractAstronauts exposed to high linear energy transfer radiation may experience cognitive injury. The pathogenesis of this injury is unknown but may involve glutamate receptors or modifications to dendritic structure and/or dendritic spine density and morphology. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, where it acts on ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors located ...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Acute exposure to space flight results in evidence of reduced lymph Transport, tissue fluid Shifts, and immune alterations in the rat gastrointestinal system
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): W.E. Cromer, D.C. ZawiejaAbstractSpace flight causes a number of alterations in physiological systems, changes in the immunological status of subjects, and altered interactions of the host to environmental stimuli. We studied the effect of space flight on the lymphatic system of the gastrointestinal tract which is responsible for lipid transport and immune surveillance which includes the host interaction with the gut microbiome.We found that there were signs of tissue damage present in the space flown animals that was lacking in ground c...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Persistent depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) after exposure of mice to heavy silicon ions
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): Kanokporn Noy Rithidech, Paiboon Reungpatthanaphong, Montree Tungjai, Witawat Jangiam, Louise Honikel, Elbert B. WhortonAbstractLittle is known about plasma proteins that can be used as biomarkers for early and late responses to radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine a link between depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) and cell-death as well as inflammatory responses in the lung (one of the tissues known to be radiosensitive) of the same exposed CBA/CaJ mice after exposure to heavy silicon (28Si) ions. To prevent the develop...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Solar particle event storm shelter requirements for missions beyond low Earth orbit
Publication date: May 2018Source: Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17Author(s): L.W. Townsend, J.H. Adams, S.R. Blattnig, M.S. Clowdsley, D.J. Fry, I. Jun, C.D. McLeod, J.I. Minow, D.F. Moore, J.W. Norbury, R.B. Norman, D.V. Reames, N.A. Schwadron, E.J. Semones, R.C. Singleterry, T.C. Slaba, C.M. Werneth, M.A. XapsosABSTRACTProtecting spacecraft crews from energetic space radiations that pose both chronic and acute health risks is a critical issue for future missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). Chronic health risks are possible from both galactic cosmic ray and solar energetic particle event (SPE) exposures. Howev...
Source: Life Sciences in Space Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
