The Single Greatest Life Challenge: How Late-Midlife Adults Construct Narratives of Significant Personal Challenges
This study introduces the concept of the single greatest life challenge—the most subjectively-significant challenge a person has ever faced—and explores its implications for narrative identity. Through content coding of 157 late-midlife community adults’ life challenge narratives, we catalogued the distribution of 18 life challenge topics. Through exploratory factor analysis of narrative features, we found a four-factor structure (identity processing, agency/emotion, verbosity/specificity, and scope) largely consistent with the “big three” narrative identity metastructure. The agency/emotion factor was most close...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - September 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
When Are Assumptions Shaken? A Prospective, Longitudinal Investigation of Negative Life Events and Worldviews in a National Sample
We present a model that raises three questions: 1) Do different types of NLE engender different types of worldview change? 2) Do factors that facilitate positive reappraisals of NLE buffer against worldview change? 3) Does change in stability of worldviews occur independent of change in worldview content? These questions were examined in data from a national U.S. sample of adults surveyed prospectively over a three-year period (N = 2138). NLE were reported by 91.6% of the sample. Each question was answered at least in part in the affirmative. Exposure to NLE may affect worldviews and thereby individual well-being and socia...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - September 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Predicting Employee Attitudes to Workplace Diversity from Personality, Values, and Cognitive Ability
Publication date: Available online 3 September 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Jeromy Anglim, Victor Sojo, Linda J. Ashford, Alexander Newman, Andrew MartyAbstractThe current study assessed the predictive validity of broad and narrow measures of personality, values, and cognitive ability on employee attitudes to workplace diversity. Australian working adults (N = 731; 66% female; mean age = 43, SD = 12) completed the 200-item HEXACO Personality Inventory, Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire, ACER measures of numeric, verbal, and abstract reasoning ability, the Attitudes Toward Diversity Scale,...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - September 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A Systematic Comparison of Three Sadism Measures and Their Ability to Explain Workplace Mistreatment Over and Above the Dark Triad
This study also sought to identify possible differences among three popular sadism scales. The three scales were interchangeable in terms of predicting the outcomes. Confirmatory factor analyses and differential item functioning analyses both revealed, however, that only the SSIS was invariant across sex groups. (Source: Journal of Research in Personality)
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Effects of Escalated Exposure to Information on Accuracy of Personality Judgment
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Andrew Beer, Katherine H. Rogers, Tera D. LetzringAbstractIn an investigation of the effects of increasing exposure to information on accuracy of personality trait judgments, judges rated a single target on three successive occasions, each of which involved the introduction of a novel piece of personal information. Varying the order in which types of information were presented allowed us to jointly examine the effects of information quality and quantity on accuracy in personality judgment. We found that (a) in general, mor...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Unemployment and the Relationship between Borderline Personality Pathology and Health
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Patrick J. Cruitt, Thomas F. OltmannsAbstractEvidence suggests that employment may buffer against the negative health outcomes associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of the current analyses was to examine unemployment and the BPD-health relationship prospectively. Participants were 1,536 older adults in a longitudinal study of health and aging, with repeated measures of physical health, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. We measured BPD features using multiple sources at baseline, and u...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
One-year stability in life story chapters and memories among emerging, middle-aged, and older adults
We examined 1-year stability of life story chapters and memories. In addition, we examined age differences in stability. At baseline and 1 year later, 70 emerging, 60 middle-aged, and 59 older participants described up to 10 chapters and 10 memories (in counterbalanced order). Participants self-rated chapters/memories on emotional tone, self-change connections, and self-stability connections. Chapters/memories were content coded for stability between time 1 and 2 and for emotional tone. Chapters were significantly more stable than memories. However, there were no significant differences between chapters and memories regard...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 18, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Divergences among Three Higher-Order Self-Report Psychopathology Factors in Normal-Range Personality and Emotional Late Positive Potential Reactivity
This study examined the factor structure of a wide range of psychopathology and its associations with both personality and emotional reactivity revealed through the late positive potential (LPP) in a sample of 275 undergraduates. A three-factor structure of psychopathology emerged comprising Internalizing (INT), Externalizing (EXT), and Aberrant Experiences (ABX). EXT predicted aggressive disconstraint, whereas both INT and ABX predicted Alienation and Stress Reaction. INT uniquely predicted low Well-Being, and ABX predicted a rigid absorption combined with interpersonal detachment. ABX correlated with reduced parietal emo...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mindfulness Training Reduces Neuroticism over a 6-Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial in Norwegian Medical and Psychology Students
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Adam W. Hanley, Michael de Vibe, Ida Solhaug, Kwynn Gonzalez-Pons, Eric L. GarlandAbstractReducing neuroticism in young adults is likely to reduce future psychopathology and improve quality of life. One method of reducing neuroticism may be mindfulness training. This randomized control study examined the effect of mindfulness training on neuroticism and psychological distress over a six-year time period in a sample of Norwegian medical and clinical psychology students receiving either a modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Re...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 17, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How Much Weight do Organizational Personality Inferences have on Judgments of Organizations?
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Levi Sassaman, Dev K. Dalal, Alec J. CalvoAbstractOrganizational personality inferences are the human-like attributes individuals ascribe to organizations. Extant research has shown that individuals reliably distinguish organizations on these traits and these inferences influence individuals’ judgments of organizations. Theory of Symbolic Attraction posits that the importance given to organizational personality when forming judgments depends on the needs of the person. This policy capturing study investigated how much we...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 15, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Power Influences the Expression of Honesty-Humility: The Power-Exploitation Affordances Hypothesis
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Ard J. Barends, Reinout E. de Vries, Mark van VugtAbstractAcross different experiments we show that individual differences in Honesty-Humility predict exploitation in economic games, and that this relation is moderated by situational power. Power was manipulated by comparing games in which allocators either had absolute power (dictator game), intermediate (delta game), or shared power (ultimatum game) over joint outcomes. We developed the power-exploitation affordances hypothesis that predicts that allocators with lower Ho...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Incorporating Narrative Identity into Structural Approaches to Personality and Psychopathology
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Jonathan M. Adler, Lee Anna ClarkAbstractStructural models that connect personality and psychopathology have tended to adopt a somewhat narrow view of personality focused on dispositional traits. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for incorporating narrative identity into future research on the structure of personality and psychopathology. Narrative identity is a well-mapped domain of personality, one with demonstrated incremental validity in the association with and prediction of psychological well-being. In this paper,...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Heterogeneity of Self-Regard: A Latent Transition Analysis of Self-Esteem and Psychological Entitlement
Publication date: Available online 10 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Samantha Stronge, Aleksandra Cichocka, Chris G. SibleyAbstractMultiple subtypes of self-regard have been identified, but their longitudinal development has not been investigated. The current research used Latent Transition Analysis to identify profiles with differing levels of self-esteem and psychological entitlement, and track the likelihood of transition between these profiles from 2014 to 2015 in a large, national panel study of New Zealand adults (N = 12,550). Five profiles of self-regard were identified. The five pro...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 11, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Optimists or Optimistic: Replication of a Taxometric Study on Optimism
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Karolina Grotkowski, Steven A. MillerAbstractHope and optimism are variants of individual differences regarding positive expectancies for the future. Previous literature describes the relationship of hope and optimism to various outcomes such as psychological adjustment, achievement, problem solving, and health-related concerns; however, few studies investigate its latent structure. Eichner et al. (2014) explore optimism’s latent structure through taxometric procedures and provide support for a dimensional construct. In l...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 9, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The p Factor in Children: Relationships with Executive Functions and Effortful Control
Publication date: Available online 5 August 2019Source: Journal of Research in PersonalityAuthor(s): Allison N. Shields, Kathleen W. Reardon, Cassandra M. Brandes, Jennifer L. TackettAbstractLower levels of self-regulation have been implicated in multiple psychological disorders. Despite conceptual overlap (broadly reflecting self-regulatory functions), executive functions (EF) and effortful control (EC) are rarely jointly studied in relation to broadband psychopathology. The present study investigated associations of correlated factors (internalizing-externalizing) and bifactor psychopathology models with EF and EC in a l...
Source: Journal of Research in Personality - August 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
