Phencyclidine administration during neurodevelopment alters network activity in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adult rats
Symptoms of schizophrenia have been linked to insults during neurodevelopment such as NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist exposure. In animal models, this leads to schizophrenia-like behavioral symptoms as well as molecular and functional changes within hippocampal and prefrontal regions. The aim of this study was to determine how administration of the NMDAR antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) during neurodevelopment affects functional network activity within the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We recorded field potentials in vivo after electrical brain stem stimulation and observed a suppression of evoked theta p...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kjaerby, C., Hovelso, N., Dalby, N. O., Sotty, F. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Responses of Purkinje cells in the oculomotor vermis of monkeys during smooth pursuit eye movements and saccades: comparison with floccular complex
We recorded the responses of Purkinje cells in the oculomotor vermis during smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Our goal was to characterize the responses in the vermis using approaches that would allow direct comparisons with responses of Purkinje cells in another cerebellar area for pursuit, the floccular complex. Simple-spike firing of vermis Purkinje cells is direction selective during both pursuit and saccades, but the preferred directions are sufficiently independent so that downstream circuits could decode signals to drive pursuit and saccades separately. Complex spikes also were direction selective during pu...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Raghavan, R. T., Lisberger, S. G. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Temporally evolving gain mechanisms of attention in macaque area V4
Cognitive attention and perceptual saliency jointly govern our interaction with the environment. Yet, we still lack a universally accepted account of the interplay between attention and luminance contrast, a fundamental dimension of saliency. We measured the attentional modulation of V4 neurons’ contrast response functions (CRFs) in awake, behaving macaque monkeys and applied a new approach that emphasizes the temporal dynamics of cell responses. We found that attention modulates CRFs via different gain mechanisms during subsequent epochs of visually driven activity: an early contrast-gain, strongly dependent on pres...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sani, I., Santandrea, E., Morrone, M. C., Chelazzi, L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Circuit feedback increases activity level of a circuit input through interactions with intrinsic properties
Central pattern generator (CPG) motor circuits underlying rhythmic behaviors provide feedback to the projection neuron inputs that drive these circuits. This feedback elicits projection neuron bursting linked to CPG rhythms. The brief periodic interruptions in projection neuron activity in turn influence CPG output, gate sensory input, and enable coordination of multiple target CPGs. However, despite the importance of the projection neuron activity level for circuit output, it remains unknown whether feedback also regulates projection neuron intraburst firing rates. I addressed this issue using identified neurons in the st...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Blitz, D. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Anisomorphic cortical reorganization in asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Acoustic trauma or inner ear disease may predominantly injure one ear, causing asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). While characteristic frequency (CF) map plasticity of primary auditory cortex (AI) contralateral to the injured ear has been detailed, there is no study that also evaluates ipsilateral AI to compare cortical reorganization across both hemispheres. We assess whether the normal isomorphic mirror-image relationship between the two hemispheres is maintained or disrupted in mild-to-moderate asymmetric SNHL of adult squirrel monkeys. At week 24 after induction of acoustic injury to the right ear, functiona...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Cheung, S. W., Atencio, C. A., Levy, E. R. J., Froemke, R. C., Schreiner, C. E. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Ketamine induced converged synchronous gamma oscillations in the cortico-basal ganglia network of nonhuman primates
This study is the first to show spontaneous gamma oscillations under NMDA antagonist in nonhuman primates. These oscillations appear in synchrony in the cortex and the basal ganglia. Phase analysis refutes the confounding effects of volume conduction and supports the funneling and amplifying architecture of the cortico-basal ganglia loops. These results suggest an abnormal network phenomenon with a unique spectral signature that could account for pathological mental and neurological states. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Slovik, M., Rosin, B., Moshel, S., Mitelman, R., Schechtman, E., Eitan, R., Raz, A., Bergman, H. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
TRPV3 modulates nociceptive signaling through peripheral and supraspinal sites in rats
TRPV3 is a nonselective cation channel activated by temperatures above 33°C and is reported to be localized in keratinocytes and nervous tissue. To investigate a role for TRPV3 in pain modulation, we conducted a series of in vivo electrophysiological studies on spinal and brain nociceptive neurons. Structurally diverse TRPV3 receptor antagonists reduced responses of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons to low-intensity mechanical stimulation in neuropathic rats, but only CNS-penetrant antagonists decreased elevated spontaneous firing. Injections of an antagonist into the neuronal receptive field, into the L5 dorsal ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: McGaraughty, S., Chu, K. L., Xu, J., Leys, L., Radek, R. J., Dart, M. J., Gomtsyan, A., Schmidt, R. G., Kym, P. R., Brederson, J.-D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A shared neural integrator for human posture control
Control of standing posture requires fusion of multiple inputs including visual, vestibular, somatosensory, and other sensors, each having distinct dynamics. The semicircular canals, for example, have a unique high-pass filter response to angular velocity, quickly sensing a step change in head rotational velocity followed by a decay. To stabilize gaze direction despite this decay, the central nervous system supplies a neural "velocity storage" integrator, a filter that extends the angular velocity signal. Similar filtering might contribute temporal dynamics to posture control, as suggested by some state estimation models. ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Haggerty, S. E., Wu, A. R., Sienko, K. H., Kuo, A. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Cortical amplification models of experience-dependent development of selective columns and response sparsification
The development of direction-selective cortical columns requires visual experience, but the neural circuits and plasticity mechanisms that are responsible for this developmental transition are unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms that could underlie experience-dependent increases in selectivity, we explored families of cortical amplifier models that enhance weakly biased feedforward signals. Here we focused exclusively on possible contributions of cortico-cortical connections and took feedforward input to be constant. We modeled pairs of interconnected columns that received equal and oppositely biased inputs. In a ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Christie, I. K., Miller, P., Van Hooser, S. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Predicting the response of striatal spiny neurons to sinusoidal input
Spike-timing effects of small-amplitude sinusoidal currents were measured in mouse striatal spiny neurons firing repetitively. Spike-timing reliability varied with the stimulus frequency. For frequencies near the cell’s firing rate, the cells altered firing rate to match the stimulus and became phase locked to it. The stimulus phase of firing during lock depended on the stimulus frequency relative to the cell’s unperturbed firing rate. Interspike intervals during sinusoidal stimulation were predicted using an iterative map constructed from the cells’ phase-resetting curve. Variability of interspike interv...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Wilson, C. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
A missense mutation in Grm6 reduces but does not eliminate mGluR6 expression or rod depolarizing bipolar cell function
This article describes a mouse model of the human disease complete congenital stationary night blindness in which the mutation reduces but does not eliminate GRM6 expression and bipolar cell function, a distinct phenotype from that seen in other Grm6 mouse models. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Peachey, N. S., Hasan, N., FitzMaurice, B., Burrill, S., Pangeni, G., Karst, S. Y., Reinholdt, L., Berry, M. L., Strobel, M., Gregg, R. G., McCall, M. A., Chang, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Rapid accumulation of inhibition accounts for saccades curved away from distractors
We examined this possibility by modeling human saccade curvature as a function of the time between onset of a task irrelevant luminance- or color-modulated distractor and initiation of an impending saccade, referred to as saccade distractor onset asynchrony (SDOA). Our results demonstrated that 70 ms of luminance-modulated distractor processing or 90 ms of color-modulated distractor processing was required to modulate saccade trajectories. As these behavioral, feature-based differences were temporally consistent with the cortically mediated neurophysiological differences in visual onset latencies between luminance and colo...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Kehoe, D. H., Fallah, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Strategies for obstacle avoidance during walking in the cat
This study aimed to clarify what strategies are used by a typical quadruped, the cat, to avoid obstacles during walking. Four cats walked along a corridor 2.5 m long and 25 or 15 cm wide. Obstacles, small round objects 2.5 cm in diameter and 1 cm in height, were placed on the floor in various locations. Movements of the paw were recorded with a motion capture and analysis system (Visualeyez, PTI). During walking in the wide corridor, cats’ preferred strategy for avoiding a single obstacle was circumvention, during which the stride direction changed while stride duration and swing-to-stride duration ratio were preserv...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Chu, K. M. I., Seto, S. H., Beloozerova, I. N., Marlinski, V. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Advantages of comparative studies in songbirds to understand the neural basis of sensorimotor integration
Sensorimotor integration is the process through which the nervous system creates a link between motor commands and associated sensory feedback. This process allows for the acquisition and refinement of many behaviors, including learned communication behaviors such as speech and birdsong. Consequently, it is important to understand fundamental mechanisms of sensorimotor integration, and comparative analyses of this process can provide vital insight. Songbirds offer a powerful comparative model system to study how the nervous system links motor and sensory information for learning and control. This is because the acquisition...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Murphy, K., James, L. S., Sakata, J. T., Prather, J. F. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Differences in postinjury auditory system pathophysiology after mild blast and nonblast acute acoustic trauma
Hearing difficulties are the most commonly reported disabilities among veterans. Blast exposures during explosive events likely play a role, given their propensity to directly damage both peripheral (PAS) and central auditory system (CAS) components. Postblast PAS pathophysiology has been well documented in both clinical case reports and laboratory investigations. In contrast, blast-induced CAS dysfunction remains understudied but has been hypothesized to contribute to an array of common veteran behavioral complaints, including learning, memory, communication, and emotional regulation. This investigation compared the effec...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Race, N., Lai, J., Shi, R., Bartlett, E. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
