The absence or temporal offset of visual feedback does not influence adaptation to novel movement dynamics
Delays in transmitting and processing sensory information require correctly associating delayed feedback to issued motor commands for accurate error compensation. The flexibility of this alignment between motor signals and feedback has been demonstrated for movement recalibration to visual manipulations, but the alignment dependence for adapting movement dynamics is largely unknown. Here we examined the effect of visual feedback manipulations on force-field adaptation. Three subject groups used a manipulandum while experiencing a lag in the corresponding cursor motion (0, 75, or 150 ms). When the offset was applied at the ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: McKenna, E., Bray, L. C. J., Zhou, W., Joiner, W. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Model of rhythmic ball bouncing using a visually controlled neural oscillator
The present paper investigates the sensory-driven modulations of central pattern generator dynamics that can be expected to reproduce human behavior during rhythmic hybrid tasks. We propose a theoretical model of human sensorimotor behavior able to account for the observed data from the ball-bouncing task. The novel control architecture is composed of a Matsuoka neural oscillator coupled with the environment through visual sensory feedback. The architecture’s ability to reproduce human-like performance during the ball-bouncing task in the presence of perturbations is quantified by comparison of simulated and recorded...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Avrin, G., Siegler, I. A., Makarov, M., Rodriguez-Ayerbe, P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Object comparison in the lateral intraparietal area
We can search for and locate specific objects in our environment by looking for objects with similar features. Object recognition involves stimulus similarity responses in ventral visual areas and task-related responses in prefrontal cortex. We tested whether neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex could form an intermediary representation, collating information from object-specific similarity map representations to allow general decisions about whether a stimulus matches the object being looked for. We hypothesized that responses to stimuli would correlate with how similar they are to ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Ong, W. S., Mirpour, K., Bisley, J. W. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Mechanisms for shaping receptive field in monkey area TE
In this study, we addressed this question in two aspects, static and dynamic mechanisms, by recording neural responses from macaque area TE and V4 to object stimuli presented at various locations in the visual field. As a component related to static mechanisms, we found that in area TE, but not in V4, response latency to objects presented at fovea were different from objects in periphery. As a component of the dynamic mechanisms, we examined effects of spatial attention on the RFs of TE neurons. Spatial attention did not affect response latency but modulated response magnitudes depending on attended location, shifting of t...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Obara, K., OHashi, K., Tanifuji, M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
The temporal stability of visuomotor adaptation generalization
We examined the changes in the spatial generalization of motor adaptation for different temporal manipulations and report that the spatiotemporal generalization of motor adaptation is generally local and is influenced by both passive (time dependent) and active (movement dependent) learning processes. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhou, W., Fitzgerald, J., Colucci-Chang, K., Murthy, K. G., Joiner, W. M. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Intercepting virtual balls approaching under different gravity conditions: evidence for spatial prediction
To accurately time motor responses when intercepting falling balls we rely on an internal model of gravity. However, whether and how such a model is also used to estimate the spatial location of interception is still an open question. Here we addressed this issue by asking 25 participants to intercept balls projected from a fixed location 6 m in front of them and approaching along trajectories with different arrival locations, flight durations, and gravity accelerations (0g and 1g). The trajectories were displayed in an immersive virtual reality system with a wide field of view. Participants intercepted approaching balls w...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Russo, M., Cesqui, B., La Scaleia, B., Ceccarelli, F., Maselli, A., Moscatelli, A., Zago, M., Lacquaniti, F., dAvella, A. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Altered modulation of sensorimotor rhythms with chronic paralysis
This study provides evidence that individuals with cervical SCI exhibit decreased ERD when they attempt to grasp if they are incapable of generating muscle activity. However, there were no significant differences in ERD between paralyzed and able-bodied participants during motor imagery. These results have important implications for the design and evaluation of new therapies, such as motor imagery and neurofeedback interventions. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Foldes, S. T., Weber, D. J., Collinger, J. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Lethal digenic mutations in the K+ channels Kir4.1 (KCNJ10) and SLACK (KCNT1) associated with severe-disabling seizures and neurodevelopmental delay
This study provides new insights into the phenotypic spectrum and to the genotype-phenotype correlations associated with EAST/SeSAME and MMFSI. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hasan, S., Balobaid, A., Grottesi, A., Dabbagh, O., Cenciarini, M., Rawashdeh, R., Al-Sagheir, A., Bove, C., Macchioni, L., Pessia, M., Al-Owain, M., DAdamo, M. C. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine, and urethane markedly alter breathing even at subtherapeutic doses
Anesthetics are widely used for animal research on respiratory control in vivo, but their effect on breathing and CO2 chemoreception has not been well characterized in mice, a species now often used for these studies. We previously demonstrated that 1% isoflurane markedly reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in adult mice in vivo and masks serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neuron chemosensitivity in vitro. Here we investigated effects of 0.5% isoflurane on breathing in adult mice and also found a large reduction in the HCVR even at this subanesthetic concentration. We then tested the effects on breathin...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Massey, C. A., Richerson, G. B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Field repetition and local mapping in the hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex
Hippocampal place cells support spatial cognition and are thought to form the neural substrate of a global "cognitive map." A widely held view is that parts of the hippocampus also underlie the ability to separate patterns or to provide different neural codes for distinct environments. However, a number of studies have shown that in environments composed of multiple, repeating compartments, place cells and other spatially modulated neurons show the same activity in each local area. This repetition of firing fields may reflect pattern completion and may make it difficult for animals to distinguish similar local environments...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Grieves, R. M., Duvelle, E., Wood, E. R., Dudchenko, P. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Speed invariance of tactile texture perception
The nervous system achieves stable perceptual representations of objects despite large variations in the activity patterns of sensory receptors. Here, we explore perceptual constancy in the sense of touch. Specifically, we investigate the invariance of tactile texture perception across changes in scanning speed. Texture signals in the nerve have been shown to be highly dependent on speed: temporal spiking patterns in nerve fibers that encode fine textural features contract or dilate systematically with increases or decreases in scanning speed, respectively, resulting in concomitant changes in response rate. Nevertheless, t...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Boundy-Singer, Z. M., Saal, H. P., Bensmaia, S. J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Influence of envelope waveform on ITD sensitivity of neurons in the auditory midbrain
Interaural time differences (ITDs) conveyed by the modulated envelopes of high-frequency sounds can serve as a cue for localizing a sound source. Klein-Hennig et al. (J Acoust Soc Am 129: 3856, 2011) demonstrated the envelope attack (the rate at which stimulus energy in the envelope increases) and the duration of the pause (the interval between successive envelope pulses) as important factors affecting sensitivity to envelope ITDs in human listeners. Modulated sounds with rapid attacks and long pauses produce the lowest ITD discrimination thresholds. The duration of the envelope’s sustained component (sustain) and th...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Greenberg, D., Monaghan, J. J. M., Dietz, M., Marquardt, T., McAlpine, D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
High-frequency epidural stimulation across the respiratory cycle evokes phrenic short-term potentiation after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury
This study examined HF-ES and phrenic motor output following subacute and chronic incomplete cervical spinal cord injury. Short-term potentiation of phrenic bursting following HF-ES illustrates the potential for spinal stimulation to induce respiratory neuroplasticity. Increased tonic phrenic output indicates that alternatives to the continuous stimulation paradigm used in this study will be required for respiratory muscle activation after spinal cord injury. (Source: Journal of Neurophysiology)
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Gonzalez-Rothi, E. J., Streeter, K. A., Hanna, M. H., Stamas, A. C., Reier, P. J., Baekey, D. M., Fuller, D. D. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
Multiple spatial representations interact to increase reach accuracy when coordinating a saccade with a reach
Reaching is an essential behavior that allows primates to interact with the environment. Precise reaching to visual targets depends on our ability to localize and foveate the target. Despite this, how the saccade system contributes to improvements in reach accuracy remains poorly understood. To assess spatial contributions of eye movements to reach accuracy, we performed a series of behavioral psychophysics experiments in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta). We found that a coordinated saccade with a reach to a remembered target location increases reach accuracy without target foveation. The improvement in reach accuracy wa...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Vazquez, Y., Federici, L., Pesaran, B. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
{alpha}-Motoneurons maintain biophysical heterogeneity in obesity and diabetes in Zucker rats
Small-diameter sensory dysfunction resulting from diabetes has received much attention in the literature, whereas the impact of diabetes on α-motoneurons (MN) has not. In addition, the chance of developing insulin resistance and diabetes is increased in obesity. No study has examined the impact of obesity or diabetes on the biophysical properties of MN. Lean Zucker rats and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were separated into lean, obese (ZDF fed standard chow), and diabetic (ZDF fed high-fat diet that led to diabetes) groups. Glass micropipettes recorded hindlimb MN properties from identified flexor and extensor MN....
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - October 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: MacDonell, C. W., Chopek, J. W., Gardiner, K. R., Gardiner, P. F. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research
