Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Design of a Two Degree-of-Freedom Compliant Tool Tip for a Handheld Powered Surgical Tool
A novel monobloc design of a two degree-of-freedom (DOF) compliant tool tip for a handheld powered surgical tool is presented in this paper. The monobloc tool tip can pitch and yaw using corner-filleted flexure hinge-based compliant joints and has an integrated compliant grasper. The 2DOF of the tool tip is realized by six compliant joints placed in an alternating fashion, orthogonal to each other. The tool is externally powered and consists of a drive box, a stainless steel tube, and a compliant tool tip at the distal end. The drive box houses a thumb joystick for command input, three servo actuators, and a microcontrolle...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Needle-Sized Wrist for Surgical Instruments
This paper presents a miniature wrist that can be integrated into needle-sized surgical instruments. The wrist consists of a nitinol tube with asymmetric cutouts that is actuated by a single tendon to provide high distal curvature. We derive and experimentally validate kinematic and static models for the wrist and describe several prototype wrists, illustrating the straightforward fabrication and scalability of the design. We experimentally investigate fatigue life, the concept of tip-first bending, and practical use of the wrist with a concentric tube robot in an endonasal surgical scenario. (Source: Journal of Medical De...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
A New Methodology of Finding Optimal Toolpath and Tooling Strategies for Robotic-Assisted Arthroplasty
Robotic total hip arthroplasty is a procedure in which a milling operation is performed on the femur followed by insertion of a prosthetic implant. Although surgeons operate the robots, they do not control the choice of robotic tools and cutting strategies of the robot. Toolpath parameters, such as feedrate, tool geometry, and spindle speeds, govern the cutting forces of the robot. This research covers a methodological approach for finding optimal parameters such that cutting forces and surgical times are reduced. Many different types of orthopedic surgical burs were retrofitted into an advanced computer numerically contro...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
A Laparoscopic Morcellator Redesign to Constrain Tissue Using Integrated Gripping Teeth
Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a procedure that involves the removal of the uterus through an abdominal keyhole incision. Morcellators have been specifically designed for this task, but their use has been discouraged by the food and drug administration (FDA) since November 2014 because of risks of cancerous tissue spread. The use of laparoscopic bags to catch and contain tissue debris has been suggested, but this does not solve the root cause of tissue spread. The fundamental problem lies in the tendency of the tissue mass outside the morcellation tube to rotate along with the cutting blade, causing tissue to be spread throu...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Design of Reverse Materials Resurfacing Implants for Mild –Moderate Medial Osteoarthritis of the Knee
The areas of the most frequent cartilage loss in mild –moderate medial osteoarthritis (OA) were reviewed from previous studies. Implant components were designed to resurface these areas. The surface geometries of the components were based on an average femur and tibia produced from 20 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) models of normal knees. Accuracy of fit of the components was determined on these 20 individual knees. The femoral surface was toroidal, covering a band on the distal end of the femur, angled inward anteriorly. For a five-size system, the average deviations between the implant surfaces and the intact cartila...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Disposable Fluidic Actuators for Miniature In-Vivo Surgical Robotics
Fusion of robotics and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has created new opportunities to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Surgical robotics is advancing from externally actuated systems to miniature in-vivo robotics. However, with miniaturization of electric-motor-driven surgical robots, there comes a trade-off between the size of the robot and its capability. Slow actuation, low load capacity, sterilization difficulties, leaking electricity and transferring produced heat to tissues, and high cost are among the key limitations of the use of electric motors in in-vivo applications. Fluid power in the form of hydrau...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Design and Evaluation of a Portable Laparoscopic Training System Using Virtual Reality
The ubiquitous nature of laparoscopic surgery and the decreased training time available for surgeons are driving an increased need for effective training systems to help surgeons learn different procedures. A cost-effective and user-friendly simulator has been designed to imitate specific training tasks for laparoscopic surgery in virtual environments via image processing and computer vision. The capability of using various actual surgical instruments suited for these specific procedures gives heightened fidelity to the simulator. Image processing viamatlab software provides real-time mapping of the graspers in the workspa...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
A Novel Approach to Design Lesion-Specific Stents for Minimum Recoil
Stent geometries are obtained by topology optimization for minimized compliance under different stenosis levels and plaque material types. Three levels of stenosis by cross-sectional area, i.e., 30%, 40%, and 50% and three different plaque material properties, i.e., calcified, cellular, and hypocellular, were studied. The raw optimization results were converted to clear design concepts and their performance was evaluated by implanting them in their respective stenosed artery types using finite element analysis. The results were compared with a generic stent in similar arteries, which showed that the new designs showed less...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - December 21, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
An Implantable Accelerometer-Based Heart-Monitoring Device With Improved Positional Stability
This paper reports recent results from an ongoing effort to develop an implantable accelerometer-based heart-monitoring device for ischemia monitoring. The latest device prototype utilizes a new and more compact accelerometer (1.2 × 1.5 × 0.8 mm3), a prototype device from Bosch SensorTec, Reutlingen, Germany. This paper presents the fabrication and testing of the device, including an explorative study of the effect of the capsule shape on the stability of the implanted device in the heart tissue. The stability study indicated sufficient stability of the device and a higher resistance to retraction for one of the...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 14, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
A Faster and More Secure Human Blood Type Determining Product —Concept Design
This paper is focused on the design of a portable and semi-automatic product that allows human blood typing in a short time interval. To solve the technical and mechanical issues, innovative technologies in the areas of industrial design, electronics, and mechanical engineering were incorporated. Thus, we have developed a mechanical system that performs a fast and secure mixing of samples based on the manual plate test. This product concept aims to determinate human blood type in less than 5 min using image-processing algorithms into the mechatronic system. It incorporates formal harmonic aspects as well as some importa...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 14, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Robust Automatic Feature Tracking on Beating Human Hearts for Minimally Invasive CABG Surgery
This paper presents a robust algorithm for automatic tracking of feature points on the human heart. The emphases and key contributions of the proposed algorithm are uniform distribution of the feature points and sustained tolerable tracking error. While in many methods in the literature, detection takes place independently from the tracking procedure, adopting a different approach, we selected a data-driven detection stage, which works based on the feedback from tracking results from the Lucas –Kanade (LK) tracking algorithm to avoid unacceptable tracking errors. To ensure a uniform spatial distribution of the total dete...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 14, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
A Force Measurement System for Training of Arthroscopic Tissue Manipulation Skills on Cadaveric Specimen
To improve arthroscopic skills, the preferred means of training is cadaveric tissue, because this gives the most realistic scenario. A drawback of cadaveric training is that objective performance tracking and accompanied feedback cannot be provided due to the absence of a suitable system. The main criteria were that the system should be compatible with any cadaveric joint, be used with any type of instrument, easy to set up, and measure two critical parameters that reflect the task efficiency (task time) and safety (forces due to instrument –tissue interaction). This resulted in the development of a force measurement sys...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 12, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Evaluation of an Arm Support With Trunk Motion Capability
Due to progressive muscle weakness, the arm function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) reduces. An arm support can compensate for this loss of function. Existing arm supports are wheelchair bound, which restricts the ability to perform trunk movements. To evaluate the function of a body-bound arm support, a prototype (based on the Wilmington robotic exoskeleton (WREX) arm support) that allows trunk movements was built. In order to examine the effect of this device and to compare it with an existing wheelchair-bound device, three healthy subjects performed single joint movements (SJMs) and activities of daily l...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 10, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
Computer-Controlled Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea Challenge Method
Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) challenge is a well-established and sensitive method of determining the degree of bronchoconstriction at hospitals and clinics. This paper presents the development of a computer-controlled system for assessing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in humans including a computer graphic user interface (GUI) to control a low-pressure demand valve for better efficiency. GUI is designed to monitor the severity of acute lung airway narrowing using amatlab software and to present the measurement data into a simple user-friendly program consisting of patient information, EVH test analysis, ...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 10, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
In Vitro Investigation of a New Thin Film Nitinol-Based Neurovascular Flow Diverter
In this study, we compare fluid dynamic performance between the PED and HE-TFN devices using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The PED has a pore density of 12.5 –20 pores/mm2 and a porosity of 65 –70%. The two HE-TFN flow diverters have pore densities of 14.75 pores/mm2 and 40 pores/mm2, and porosities of 82% and 77%, respectively. Conventional wisdom suggests that the lower porosity PED would decrease intra-aneurysmal flow to the greatest degree. However, under physiologically realistic pulsatile flow conditions, average drops in root-mean-square (RMS) velocity (VRMS) within the aneurysm of an idealized physical flow...
Source: Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME - September 10, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: research
