The micro and the macro: How discourse of control maintains HIV-related stigma
In this article, we examine how HIV/AIDS caregivers negotiate stigma in their discourse of providing care to HIV-positive individuals. Using interview data, we demonstrate how participants employed discourse of control in attempting to avoid and counter HIV-related stigma: participants rejected fear of associating with HIV-positive individuals by drawing on their knowledge of HIV transmission and their ability to control and avoid infection. Such discourses backfire, however, as the concept of HIV infection being controllable and thus avoidable maintains accountability for the disease. Thus, participants’ micro disco...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ranjbar, V., McKinlay, A., McVittie, C. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Development of a measure of caregiver burden in paediatric chronic kidney disease: The Paediatric Renal Caregiver Burden Scale
To inform the development of a measure of caregiver burden for carers of children with chronic kidney disease, interviews were conducted with 16 caregivers and 10 renal healthcare professionals. A pool of 97 items generated from interviews was reduced to 60 items following review. A piloting exercise provided evidence for the usability, readability and relevance of items and informed further adaptations resulting in the 51-item Paediatric Renal Caregiver Burden Scale. Further to assessment of its psychometric properties, it is hoped that that the Paediatric Renal Caregiver Burden Scale will serve as a useful measure of car...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Parham, R., Jacyna, N., Hothi, D., Marks, S. D., Holttum, S., Camic, P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Does fertility-specific distress vary by race/ethnicity among a probability sample of women in the United States?
This study explored whether fertility-specific distress varied by race/ethnicity among a nationally representative sample of US women. Participants were 2363 White (n = 1266), Black (n = 569), Hispanic (n = 453), and Asian (n = 51) women who participated in the National Survey of Fertility Barriers. Participants were given the Fertility-Specific Distress Scale and assessed for strength of pregnancy intent, primary versus secondary infertility, and socioeconomic hardship. Black women reported lower levels of fertility-specific distress than White women, but these were fully mediated by the strength of pregnancy intentions. ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Greil, A. L., McQuillan, J., Sanchez, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Validation of French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire among young Swiss males, and its relationship with substance use
This study main purpose was the validation of both French and German versions of a Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire. The sample group comprised 5065 Swiss men from the "Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors." Multigroup Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a three-factor model fits the data well, which substantiates the generalizability of Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire factor structure, regardless of the language. The Perceived Neighborhood Social Cohesion Questionnaire demonstrated excellent homogeneity (α = 95) and split-half reliability (r = .96). The Perceived N...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Dupuis, M., Studer, J., Henchoz, Y., Deline, S., Baggio, S., NGoran, A., Mohler-Kuo, M., Gmel, G. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community, and national resilience
This article focuses on limited knowledge regarding the associations among three levels of resilience and the importance of these associations: individual, community, and national. The few studies that have examined these associations indicated the following: (a) There are significant positive low correlations among individual, community, and national resilience. (b) Some demographic variables significantly predict all three of them. (c) There is limited knowledge whether and to what degree there are mutual influences among these levels of resilience. (d) All three levels of resilience predict individual well-being and suc...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kimhi, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity: The experiences of a group of South African adolescents with cerebral palsy
This study explored the experiences of a group of South African adolescents with cerebral palsy. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adolescents with cerebral palsy. The results provided insight into a range of factors that promote and hinder participation in physical activity among adolescents with cerebral palsy in resource-scarce environments. (Source: Journal of Health Psychology)
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Conchar, L., Bantjes, J., Swartz, L., Derman, W. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
'Making every contact count: Evaluation of the impact of an intervention to train health and social care practitioners in skills to support health behaviour change
A total of 148 health and social care practitioners were trained in skills to support behaviour change: creating opportunities to discuss health behaviours, using open discovery questions, listening, reflecting and goal-setting. At three time points post-training, use of the skills was evaluated and compared with use of skills by untrained practitioners. Trained practitioners demonstrated significantly greater use of these client-centred skills to support behaviour change compared to their untrained peers up to 1 year post-training. Because it uses existing services to deliver support for behaviour change, this training in...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lawrence, W., Black, C., Tinati, T., Cradock, S., Begum, R., Jarman, M., Pease, A., Margetts, B., Davies, J., Inskip, H., Cooper, C., Baird, J., Barker, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Improving the health of the public: What is the role of health psychologists?
(Source: Journal of Health Psychology)
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - January 10, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lawrence, W., Barker, M. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Influence of attitudes, impulsivity, and parental styles in adolescents externalizing behavior
Diverse works have associated externalizing problem behavior with impulsivity, parental styles, and attitudes toward violence. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between these variables and externalizing behavior. A cross-sectional correlational design was used with a sample of 252 adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 years, from the general population. The results obtained indicate a significant association of externalization with high impulsivity, ingrained attitudes toward violence, and inconsistent parental styles, as well as gender and age differences. These results are discussed in relation with the i...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jimenez-Barbero, J. A., Ruiz-Hernandez, J. A., Llor-Esteban, B., Waschgler, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Adolescent girls views on cosmetic surgery: A focus group study
This study examined adolescent girls’ views of cosmetic surgery. Seven focus groups were run with girls aged 15–18 years (N = 27). Participants read case studies of women having cosmetic surgery, followed by discussion and exploration of their views. Thematic analysis identified four themes: (1) dissatisfaction with appearance, (2) acceptability of cosmetic surgery, (3) feelings about undergoing cosmetic surgery and (4) cosmetic surgery in the media. Results suggest the acceptability of cosmetic surgery varies according to the reasons for having it and that the media play an important role by normalising surger...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ashikali, E.-M., Dittmar, H., Ayers, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The relationship between mothers thin-ideal and childrens drive for thinness: A survey of Japanese early adolescents and their mothers
We examined the association of mothers’ thin-ideal internalization and children’s drive for thinness. Early adolescents (175 girls and 198 boys) completed a questionnaire to assess their drive for thinness and perceptions of mothers’ attitudes and behaviors related to body shape. The questionnaire for mothers (n = 206) measured mothers’ thin-ideal internalization. Mothers’ thin-ideal internalization was associated with girls’ drive for thinness through the perception of mothers’ attitudes directed to girls, and with boys’ drive for thinness through mothers’ weight-loss ...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yamazaki, Y., Omori, M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Temporal relations between methamphetamine use and HIV seroconversion in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Data from a cross-sectional study of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who were active methamphetamine users were analyzed to assess temporal relations between HIV seroconversion and initiation of methamphetamine use. Of the 100 men, 58 reported being HIV-positive. Most HIV-positive participants (65%) initiated methamphetamine use after seroconverting. Among those who initiated use before seroconversion, 8 years elapsed between onset of use and time of infection. Findings suggest the need to develop nuanced and targeted interventions aimed at disentangling the "meth-sex" link in this population. Findings a...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Halkitis, P. N., Levy, M. D., Solomon, T. M. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Variables associated with patient activation in persons with multiple sclerosis
Identifying variables associated with patient activation in the multiple sclerosis population could serve to facilitate better multiple sclerosis self-management behaviors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 199 participants were recruited from a multiple sclerosis center in the Southeastern United States. Depression, multiple sclerosis quality of life, and multiple Sclerosis self-efficacy were all significantly correlated with patient activation. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that patient activation was significantly related to educational attainment, depression, and self-efficacy but not to quality o...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Goodworth, M.-C. R., Stepleman, L., Hibbard, J., Johns, L., Wright, D., Hughes, M. D., Williams, M. J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The psychological impact of overactive bladder: A systematic review
This review aimed to provide an overview of the current research on the psychological impact of overactive bladder. A systematic search yielded 32 papers. It was found that people with overactive bladder tended to have greater levels of depression, anxiety and embarrassment/shame; difficulties with social life; impact on sleep and sexual relationships; and a lower quality of life than people without overactive bladder. A psychological impact on family members was also found. Psychological health should be considered an important aspect of managing overactive bladder and further research is required to determine how best to...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kinsey, D., Pretorius, S., Glover, L., Alexander, T. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Smoking-related warning messages formulated as questions positively influence short-term smoking behaviour
Research demonstrated that by reformulating smoking warnings into questions, defensive responses in smokers are reduced and smoking-related risk perception increases. We explored whether these positive outcomes can be generalised to actual behaviour. Participants saw either a movie presenting subheadings with smoking-related questions or statements. Afterwards, the time was measured until participants lit their first cigarette. Smokers who were presented with questions about the harms of smoking waited longer before lighting up a cigarette than smokers who were presented with statements. Presenting questions instead of the...
Source: Journal of Health Psychology - December 21, 2015 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Müller, B. C., Ritter, S. M., Glock, S., Dijksterhuis, A., Engels, R. C., van Baaren, R. B. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
