Voluntary upregulation of reflex cough is possible in healthy older adults and Parkinsons disease
Cough is an airway-protective mechanism that serves to detect and forcefully eject aspirate material. Existing research has identified the ability of healthy young adults to suppress or modify cough motor output based on external cueing. However, no study has evaluated the ability of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy older adults (HOAs) to upregulate cough motor output. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of people with PD and healthy age-matched controls (HOAs) to upregulate reflex and voluntary cough function volitionally with verbal instruction and visual biofeedback of airflow target...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - July 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Brandimore, A. E., Hegland, K. W., Okun, M. S., Davenport, P. W., Troche, M. S. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Combined effect of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 and HMB supplementation on muscle integrity and cytokine response during intense military training
The purpose of this study was to compare the coadministration of the probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) calcium (CaHMB) to CaHMB alone on inflammatory response and muscle integrity during 40 days of intense military training. Soldiers were randomly assigned to one of two groups: CaHMB with BC30 (CaHMBBC30; n = 9) or CaHMB with placebo (CaHMBPL, n = 9). A third group of participants served as a control (CTL; n = 8). During the first 28 days soldiers were garrisoned on base and participated in the same training tasks. During the final 2 wk soldiers navigated 25&nd...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - July 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Gepner, Y., Hoffman, J. R., Shemesh, E., Stout, J. R., Church, D. D., Varanoske, A. N., Zelicha, H., Shelef, I., Chen, Y., Frankel, H., Ostfeld, I. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Blood pressure and calf muscle oxygen extraction during plantar flexion exercise in peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic vascular disease that affects 200 million people worldwide. Although PAD primarily affects large arteries, it is also associated with microvascular dysfunction, an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to exercise, and high cardiovascular mortality. We hypothesized that fatiguing plantar flexion exercise that evokes claudication elicits a greater reduction in skeletal muscle oxygenation (SmO2) and a higher rise in BP in PAD compared with age-matched healthy subjects, but low-intensity steady-state plantar flexion elicits similar responses between groups. In the first...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - July 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Luck, J. C., Miller, A. J., Aziz, F., Radtka, J. F., Proctor, D. N., Leuenberger, U. A., Sinoway, L. I., Muller, M. D. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Applied physiology: Research that makes a difference
(Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - July 1, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Bodine, S. C. Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Reply to Drs. Sacco et al.
(Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Allen, M. D., Doherty, T. J., Rice, C. L., Kimpinski, K. Tags: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Management of neuropathy musculoskeletal deficits is much more than general global exercises: physiotherapy-based programs for diabetes long-term complications
(Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Sacco, I. C. N., Suda, E. Y., Gomes, A. A. Tags: LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research
Physiology in Medicine: Understanding dynamic alveolar physiology to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a serious clinical problem with the main treatment being supportive in the form of mechanical ventilation. However, mechanical ventilation can be a double-edged sword: if set improperly, it can exacerbate the tissue damage caused by ARDS; this is known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). To minimize VILI, we must understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms of tissue damage at the alveolar level. In this Physiology in Medicine paper, the dynamic physiology of alveolar inflation and deflation during mechanical ventilation will be reviewed. In addition, the pathophysiolo...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Nieman, G. F., Satalin, J., Kollisch-Singule, M., Andrews, P., Aiash, H., Habashi, N. M., Gatto, L. A. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Eight weeks of local vibration training increases dorsiflexor muscle cortical voluntary activation
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-wk local vibration training (LVT) program on functional and corticospinal properties of dorsiflexor muscles. Forty-four young subjects were allocated to a training (VIB, n = 22) or control (CON, n = 22) group. The VIB group performed twenty-four 1-h sessions (3 sessions/wk) of 100-Hz vibration applied to the right tibialis anterior. Both legs were tested in each group before training (PRE), after 4 (MID) and 8 (POST) wk of training, and 2 wk after training (POST2W). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque was assessed, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Souron, R., Farabet, A., Feasson, L., Belli, A., Millet, G. Y., Lapole, T. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Unilateral nasal obstruction affects motor representation development within the face primary motor cortex in growing rats
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on the motor representations within the face primary motor cortex (M1). Seventy-two 6-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n = 36) and experimental (n = 36) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at 8 days of age. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping was performed when the rats were 5, 7, 9, and 11 wk old in control and experimental groups (n = 9 per group per time point). Repeated-measures multivariate ANOVA was use...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Abe, Y., Kato, C., Uchima Koecklin, K. H., Okihara, H., Ishida, T., Fujita, K., Yabushita, T., Kokai, S., Ono, T. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Supplementing an energy adequate, higher protein diet with protein does not enhance fat-free mass restoration after short-term severe negative energy balance
This article demonstrates 1) the majority of physiological decrements incurred during military training (e.g., total and fat-free mass loss), with the exception of net protein balance, resolve and return to pretraining values after 27 days and 2) protein supplementation, in addition to an ad libitum, higher protein (~2.0 g·kg–1·day–1), energy adequate diet, is not necessary to restore fat-free mass following short-term severe negative energy balance. (Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 21, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Berryman, C. E., Sepowitz, J. J., McClung, H. L., Lieberman, H. R., Farina, E. K., McClung, J. P., Ferrando, A. A., Pasiakos, S. M. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of midline sagittal location on bone-conducted cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials
We have investigated the effectiveness of two bone-conducted (BC) stimuli in producing vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) following stimulation along midsagittal skull sites. Twenty subjects (mean age 24 yr, range: 18–34 yr; 6 men; 14 women) were studied using a smoothed impulse and a 500-Hz tone burst applied to Nz, Fpz, AFz, Fz, FCz, and Cz with both compressive and rarefactive onset phases. Cervical (cVEMPs) and ocular VEMPs (oVEMPs) were recorded as well as linear acceleration in three axes. cVEMPs evoked by 500 Hz showed no change in response polarity to either stimulus location or phase. cVEMPs evoke...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Govender, S., Colebatch, J. G. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Swimming attenuates D-galactose-induced brain aging via suppressing miR-34a-mediated autophagy impairment and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. To explore the regulatory role of miR-34a in aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during exercise intervention, we constructed a rat model with d-galactose (d-gal)-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment coupled with dysfunctional autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, determined the mitigation of cognitive impairment of d-gal-induced aging rats during swimming intervention, and evaluated miR-34a-mediated functional status of autophagy and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Meanwhile, whether th...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Kou, X., Li, J., Liu, X., Chang, J., Zhao, Q., Jia, S., Fan, J., Chen, N. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Myocardial ischemic tolerance in rats subjected to endurance exercise training during adaptation to chronic hypoxia
In conclusion, exercise training does not amplify the cardioprotection conferred by CNH. High ischemic tolerance of the CNH hearts persists after exercise, possibly by maintaining the increased antioxidant capacity despite attenuating TNF-α-dependent protective signaling.
NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic hypoxia and regular exercise are natural stimuli that confer sustainable myocardial protection against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Signaling mediated by TNF-α via its type 2 receptor plays a role in the cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia. In the present study, we found that exercise training of ra...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Alanova, P., Chytilova, A., Neckar, J., Hrdlicka, J., Micova, P., Holzerova, K., Hlavackova, M., Machackova, K., Papousek, F., Vasinova, J., Benak, D., Novakova, O., Kolar, F. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The influence of gravity on regional lung blood flow in humans: SPECT in the upright and head-down posture
This study aimed to evaluate the maximal influence of posture by comparison of regional lung blood flow in the upright and head-down posture in 8 healthy volunteers, using a tilt table. Regional lung blood flow was marked by intravenous injection of macroaggregates of human albumin labeled with 99mTc or 113mIn, in the upright and head-down posture, respectively, during tidal breathing. Both radiotracers remain fixed in the lung after administration. The distribution of radioactivity was mapped using quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) corrected for attenuation and scatter. All images were obtain...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 14, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Ax, M., Sanchez-Crespo, A., Lindahl, S. G. E., Mure, M., Petersson, J. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The effects of short work vs. longer work periods within intermittent exercise on VO2p kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and energy system contribution
We report novel observations on the effects of differing heavy-intensity work durations between 3-s recovery periods on pulmonary oxygen uptake (Vo2p) kinetics, muscle deoxygenation, and energy system contributions. Relative to continuous exercise, Vo2p kinetics are faster in intermittent exercise, and increased frequency of 3-s recovery periods improves microvascular O2 delivery and reduces Vo2p and arterialized-capillary lactate concentration. The metabolic burden of identical intensity work is altered when performed intermittently vs. continuously. (Source: Journal of Applied Physiology)
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - June 5, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: McCrudden, M. C., Keir, D. A., Belfry, G. R. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
