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Chapter Eleven - Adiponectin, exercise and eye diseases
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Hong-Ying Li, Xi Hong, Qian-Qian Cao, Kwok-Fai SoAbstractAdiponectin, one kind of adipokines, has been shown to be neuroprotective in different neurodegenerative diseases. Adiponectin exerts its role through combination with its receptors and activates downstream molecular pathways. In the retinas, the expression of adiponectin can be detected and adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) locate in different retinal cells. Adiponectin is mainly produced by adipose tissue, enters the circulation and passes through blood-brain barrier (BBB) withou...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Twelve - Modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Luis Bettio, Jonathan S. Thacker, Craig Hutton, Brian R. ChristieAbstractSynaptic plasticity is an experience-dependent process that results in long-lasting changes in synaptic communication. This phenomenon stimulates structural, molecular, and genetic changes in the brain and is the leading biological model for learning and memory processes. Synapses are able to show persistent increases in synaptic strength, or long-term potentiation (LTP), as well as persistent decreases in synaptic strength, known as long-term depression (LTD). Un...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Fourteen - Potential exerkines for physical exercise-elicited pro-cognitive effects: Insight from clinical and animal research
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Thomas Ho-Yin Lee, Douglas Affonso Formolo, Tammie Kong, Samantha Wing-Yan Lau, Charlotte Sze-Lok Ho, Rachel Yan Hei Leung, Felix Hin-Yan Hung, Suk-Yu YauAbstractA sedentary lifestyle is now known as a critical risk factor for accelerated aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. In contract, having regular physical exercise has opposite effects. Clinical findings have suggested that physical exercise can promote brain plasticity, particularly the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, that are important for learning and memory and mo...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The effects and potential mechanisms of locomotor training on improvements of functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2019Source: International Review of NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Panpan Yu, Wei Zhang, Yansheng Liu, Caihong Sheng, Kwok-Fai So, Libing Zhou, Hui ZhuAbstractBody-weight-supported locomotor training is an activity-based therapy used frequently to train individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) for restoring walking ability. Locomotor training after SCI is developed on the basic scientific findings of activity-dependent neuroplasticity. Based on the research from animal SCI models, there exists a spinal neural networks for locomotion which can be reactivated by intense repetitive loc...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - September 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Wearable technological platform for multidomain diagnostic and exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2019Source: International Review of NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Bin Hu, Taylor ChomiakAbstractPhysical activity and exercise have become a central component of medical management of chronic illness, particular for the elderly who suffer from neurodegenerative disorders that impair their cognition and mobility. This chapter summarizes our recent research showing that a new generation of wearable technology can be adopted as diagnostic and rehabilitation tools for people living with Parkinson's disease. For example, wearable device-enabled 6-min walking test can be automated to elim...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - September 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research