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Alcohol consumption predicts incidence of depressive episodes across 10 years among older adults in 19 countries
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2019Source: International Review of NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Katherine M. Keyes, Kasim Allel, Ursula M. Staudinger, Katherine A. Ornstein, Esteban CalvoAbstractAlcohol consumption is increasing in many countries, and excessive alcohol consumption is particularly increasing among older adults. Excessive alcohol consumption causes morbidity and mortality, especially among older adults, including an increased risk of depressive episodes. We review the mechanisms through which alcohol consumption may affect depression, and argue that the effects of alcohol consumption on depressive e...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

I can't drink what I used to: The interaction between ethanol and the aging brain
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: International Review of NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Douglas B. Matthews, Amelia Schneider, Abigail Kastner, Samantha Scaletty, Rachel SzenayAbstractThe population of most countries is increasing and the United Nations predicts that by the year 2050 those over the age of 60 years old will increase from 900 million individuals to approximately 2.1 billion individuals (United Nations, 2015). The increase in the number of older individuals will place a strain on many national health care systems making it important to investigate behaviors in the aged that may negatively imp...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Contributors
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): (Source: International Review of Neurobiology)
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Thirteen - Exercise, spinogenesis and cognitive functions
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Li Zhang, Kwok-Fai SoAbstractExercise training improves mental and cognitive functions by enhancing neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest the facilitation of spinogenesis across different brain regions including hippocampus and cerebral cortex by physical activity. In this article we will summarize major findings for exercise effects on synaptogenesis and spinogenesis, in order to provide mechanisms for exercise intervention of both psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We will also revisit major find...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Preface
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Suk-Yu Yau, Kwok-Fai So (Source: International Review of Neurobiology)
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter One - Exercise for Parkinson's disease
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Margaret K.Y. Mak, Irene S.K. Wong-YuAbstractParkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a prevalence rate of 1–2 per 1000 of the population worldwide. Pharmacological management is the mainstay of treatment. Despite optimal medication, motor impairment particularly balance and gait impairment persist leading to various degree of disability and reduced quality-of-life. The present review describes motor impairment including postural impairment, gait dysfunction, reduced muscle strength and aerobic cap...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Two - Exercise and Parkinson's disease
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Xiaojiao Xu, Zhenfa Fu, Weidong LeAbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Unfortunately, most of the currently used clinical therapies against PD are symptomatic and there is still no remedy can stop disease progression. Collective evidence shows that various kinds of exercise may reduce the risk of PD and do have positive impacts on both motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD. Additionally, exercise can also ameliorate the side effects such as wearing-off and dyskinesia induced by...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Three - Wearable technological platform for multidomain diagnostic and exercise interventions in Parkinson's disease
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Bin Hu, Taylor ChomiakAbstractPhysical activity and exercise have become a central component of medical management of chronic illness, particular for the elderly who suffer from neurodegenerative disorders that impair their cognition and mobility. This chapter summarizes our recent research showing that a new generation of wearable technology can be adopted as diagnostic and rehabilitation tools for people living with Parkinson's disease. For example, wearable device-enabled 6-min walking test can be automated to eliminate human superv...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Four - Active body, healthy brain: Exercise for healthy cognitive aging
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Cindy Barha, Ryan S. FalckAbstractThe world's population is aging and promoting healthy cognitive aging is a public health priority and challenge. Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been identified as positively impacting the cognitive health of older adults with and without cognitive impairment. This chapter current evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies (i.e., randomized controlled trials) on the role of physical activity and exercise in promoting cognitive health in older ...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Five - Qigong exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Jessie S.M. Chan, Siu-Man Ng, Lai-Ping Yuen, Cecilia L.W. ChanAbstractChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is often overlooked, has unclear etiology and no effective cure except some symptomatic treatments. Additionally, most people with CFS do not seek medical attention. Qigong exercise, an ancient Eastern body-mind-spirit practice, has been long practiced in Chinese communities and may powerfully trigger the self-healing process. Using full baseline data (n = 1409), the average Hong Kong CFS respondent was found to be female, mar...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Six - The beneficial effects of Qigong on elderly depression
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Sunny H.W. Chan, Hector W.H. TsangAbstractHealth Qigong, especially the Eight-Section Brocades (or Baduanjin), has been well established as an effective adjunct intervention to alleviate depressive symptoms of older adults. The easy to learn and safe format of health Qigong allows the promotion and employment by health care professionals to improve the physical and psychosocial wellness of older adults. The cultural relevance of Qigong practice enhances its popularity as a health maintenance practice in Chinese community. In general, t...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Seven - Exercise on bipolar disorder in humans
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Kangguang Lin, Tao LiuAbstractPeople with Bipolar disorder (BD) often have a sedentary lifestyle and low level of physical activity which in part contribute to the high co-occurrence of medical diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, etc. Exercise especially aerobic exercise may be beneficial not only to mental health but also physical health outcomes. Targeting barriers for exercise such as high BMI and making the best use of facilitators (e.g., concept of fitness) can result in higher level...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Eight - The effects and potential mechanisms of locomotor training on improvements of functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Panpan Yu, Wei Zhang, Yansheng Liu, Caihong Sheng, Kwok-Fai So, Libing Zhou, Hui ZhuAbstractBody-weight-supported locomotor training is an activity-based therapy used frequently to train individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) for restoring walking ability. Locomotor training after SCI is developed on the basic scientific findings of activity-dependent neuroplasticity. Based on the research from animal SCI models, there exists a spinal neural networks for locomotion which can be reactivated by intense repetitive locomotor training. N...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Nine - Exercise-driven restoration of the alcohol-damaged brain
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Rebecca K. West, Laian Z. Najjar, J. Leigh LeasureAbstractThere are vast literatures on the neural effects of alcohol and the neural effects of exercise. Simply put, exercise is associated with brain health, alcohol is not, and the mechanisms by which exercise benefits the brain directly counteract the mechanisms by which alcohol damages it. Although a degree of brain recovery naturally occurs upon cessation of alcohol consumption, effective treatments for alcohol-induced brain damage are badly needed, and exercise is an excellent cand...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chapter Ten - Exercise and substance abuse
Publication date: 2019Source: International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 147Author(s): Li Zhang, Ti-Fei YuanAbstractExercise intervention has long been used as one adjunctive treatment for drug abuse. Both animal studies and human trials suggest that exercise training effectively prevents addiction formation, suppresses drug-seeking behaviors, and ceases addictions. Moreover, exercise improves both mental and cognitive deficits that commonly occur during drug withdrawal. Those observations are supported by neurobiological studies in which exercise training modulates several neural networks including the dopaminergic rewa...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - October 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research