Favorable Vascular Actions of Angiotensin–(1–7) in Human ObesityNovelty and Significance [Renin-Angiotensin System]
Obese patients have vascular dysfunction related to impaired insulin-stimulated vasodilation and increased endothelin-1–mediated vasoconstriction. In contrast to the harmful vascular actions of angiotensin (Ang) II, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 product Ang-(1–7) has shown to exert cardiovascular and metabolic benefits in experimental models through stimulation of the Mas receptor. We, therefore, examined the effects of exogenous Ang-(1–7) on vasodilator tone and endothelin-1–dependent vasoconstriction in obese patients. Intra-arterial infusion of Ang-(1–7) (10 nmol/min) resulted in significant increase in ...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Francesca Schinzari, Manfredi Tesauro, Augusto Veneziani, Nadia Mores, Nicola Di Daniele, Carmine Cardillo Tags: Hypertension, Vascular Disease Original Articles Source Type: research
Day-by-Day Variability of Home Blood Pressure and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Clinical PracticeNovelty and Significance [Blood Pressure Variability]
We assessed the relationship between day-by-day home blood pressure (BP) variability and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in clinical practice. J-HOP study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure) participants underwent home BP monitoring in the morning and evening for a 14-day period, and their BP levels and BP variability independent of the mean (VIM) were assessed. Incident CVD events included coronary heart disease and stroke. Cox models were fitted to assess the home BP variability–CVD risk association. Among 4231 participants (mean±SD age, 64.9±10.9 years; 53.3% women; 79.1% taking antihypertensive medicati...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Satoshi Hoshide, Yuichiro Yano, Hiroyuki Mizuno, Hiroshi Kanegae, Kazuomi Kario Tags: Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Relationships Between Components of Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease and HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension]
Observational studies have shown a J-shaped relationship between diastolic blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. We investigated whether the increased risk associated with low diastolic BP reflects elevated pulse pressure (PP). In 22 672 hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease from the CLARIFY registry (Prospective Observational Longitudinal Registry of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease), followed for a median of 5.0 years, BP was measured annually and averaged. The relationships between PP and diastolic BP, alone or combined, and the pr...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot, Nicola Greenlaw, Ian Ford, Roberto Ferrari, Kim M. Fox, Jean-Claude Tardif, Michal Tendera, Alexander Parkhomenko, Deepak L. Bhatt, P. Gabriel Steg Tags: Secondary Prevention, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease Original Articles Source Type: research
Blood Pressure Control by a Secreted FGFBP1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-Binding Protein)Novelty and Significance [Vessels]
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in organ development and tissue maintenance, as well as the control of vascular function. The paracrine-acting FGFs are stored in the extracellular matrix, and their release is controlled by a secreted FGF-binding protein (FGF-BP, FGFBP1, and BP1) that modulates FGF receptor signaling. A genetic polymorphism in the human FGFBP1 gene was associated with higher gene expression and an increased risk of familial hypertension. Here, we report on the effects of inducible BP1 expression in a transgenic mouse model. Induction of BP1 expression in adult animals leads to a sustained rise ...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Elena Tassi, En Yin Lai, Lingli Li, Glenn Solis, Yifan Chen, William E. Kietzman, Patricio E. Ray, Anna T. Riegel, William J. Welch, Christopher S. Wilcox, Anton Wellstein Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Cell Signaling/Signal Transduction, Growth Factors/Cytokines, Genetically Altered and Transgenic Models, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Probenecid Inhibits {alpha}-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Vasoconstriction in the Human Leg VasculatureNovelty and Significance [Vessels]
Coordination of vascular smooth muscle cell tone in resistance arteries plays an essential role in the regulation of peripheral resistance and overall blood pressure. Recent observations in animals have provided evidence for a coupling between adrenoceptors and Panx1 (pannexin-1) channels in the regulation of sympathetic nervous control of peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure; however, evidence for a functional coupling in humans is lacking. We determined Panx1 expression and effects of treatment with the pharmacological Panx1 channel inhibitor probenecid on the vasoconstrictor response to α1- and α2-adrener...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Michael Nyberg, Peter Piil, Oliver T. Kiehn, Christian Maagaard, Tue S. Jorgensen, Jon Egelund, Brant E. Isakson, Morten S. Nielsen, Lasse Gliemann, Ylva Hellsten Tags: Basic Science Research, Vascular Biology Original Articles Source Type: research
Evidence for a Role of Vascular Endothelium in the Control of Arterial Wall Viscosity in HumansNovelty and Significance [Vessels]
In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that the endothelial factors, NO and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, regulate AWV in humans and support the role of arterial tone in this regulation.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: https://eudract.ema.europa.eu. Unique identifier: RCB2007-A001-10-53. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Frederic Roca, Michele Iacob, Isabelle Remy-Jouet, Jeremy Bellien, Robinson Joannides Tags: Clinical Studies, Endothelium/Vascular Type/Nitric Oxide, Physiology Original Articles Source Type: research
TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) Mediates Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in the Aortas of Hypertensive MiceNovelty and Significance [Vessels]
The role of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) in regulating vascular contraction in hypertensive mice is poorly established. We tested the hypothesis that TRPV4 regulates endothelium-dependent contractions in aortas from hypertensive mice through the activation of cytosolic cPLA2 (phospholipase A2) and COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) and identified the possible endothelium-derived contracting factor generated by COX2. Using myography, we demonstrated that GSK1016790A (a TRPV4 agonist) and acetylcholine (ACh) trigger endothelium-dependent contractions in aortas from hypertensive mice, and the contractions were abolis...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Peng Zhang, Chunyuan Sun, Hongjuan Li, Chunlei Tang, Hao Kan, Zhenyu Yang, Aiqin Mao, Xin Ma Tags: Basic Science Research, Ion Channels/Membrane Transport, Mechanisms, Vascular Biology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Calneuron 1 Increased Ca2+ in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Aldosterone Production in Aldosterone-Producing AdenomaNovelty and Significance [Primary Aldosteronism]
Aldosterone production is initiated by angiotensin II stimulation and activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) cells, the activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling is independent of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone systems. The purpose of our study was to clarify molecular mechanisms of aldosterone production related to Ca2+ signaling. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the CALN1 gene encoding calneuron 1 had the strongest correlation with CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) among genes encoding Ca2+-binding proteins in APA. CALN1 modulation and synthetic or fluorescent compound...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kazuhiro Kobuke, Kenji Oki, Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez, Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez, Haruya Ohno, Kiyotaka Itcho, Yoko Yoshii, Masayasu Yoneda, Noboru Hattori Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Cell Signaling/Signal Transduction, Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, High Blood Pressure Original Articles Source Type: research
Confirmatory Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary AldosteronismNovelty and Significance [Primary Aldosteronism]
In conclusion, both CCT and SIT are accurate alternatives to the more complex fludrocortisone suppression test. Because CCT is safe and much easier to perform, it may serve as a more feasible alternative. When interpreting the results of CCT, PAC post-CCT is highly recommended. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ying Song, Shumin Yang, Wenwen He, Jinbo Hu, Qingfeng Cheng, Yue Wang, Ting Luo, Linqiang Ma, Qianna Zhen, Suhua Zhang, Mei Mei, Zhihong Wang, Hua Qing, Dennis Bruemmer, Bin Peng, Qifu Li Tags: Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Vascular Activation in Postmenopausal Women With Histories of PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia]
This study examined an association between pregnancy history and CVR using a subgroup of 40 age- and parity-matched pairs of women having histories of preeclampsia (n=27) or normotensive pregnancy (n=29) and the association of activated blood elements with CVR. Middle cerebral artery velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound before and during hypercapnia to assess CVR. Thirty-eight parameters of blood cellular elements, microvesicles, and cell–cell interactions measured in venous blood were assessed for association with CVR using principal component analysis. Middle cerebral artery velocity was lower in the preeclampsi...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jill N. Barnes, Ronee E. Harvey, Kathleen B. Miller, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Katherine R. Malterer, Brian D. Lahr, Kent R. Bailey, Michael J. Joyner, Virginia M. Miller Tags: Physiology, Preeclampsia, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research
Prevalence of Hypertensive Phenotypes After PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia]
Preeclampsia is associated with increased cardiovascular and renal risk. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to characterize the early postpartum blood pressure (BP) profile after preeclampsia. We enrolled 115 women with preeclampsia and 41 women with a normal pregnancy in a prospective cohort study. At 6 to 12 week postpartum, we assessed the prevalence of different hypertensive phenotypes using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), as well as the risk of salt sensitivity and the variability of BP derived from ABPM parameters. Among patients with preeclampsia, 57.4% were still hypertensive at the office. Dayti...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Agnes Ditisheim, Gregoire Wuerzner, Belen Ponte, Yvan Vial, Olivier Irion, Michel Burnier, Michel Boulvain, Antoinette Pechere–Bertschi Tags: Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Women, Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Fetal Microsatellite in the Heme Oxygenase 1 Promoter Is Associated With Severe and Early-Onset PreeclampsiaNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia]
Preeclampsia is a vascular pregnancy disorder that often involves impaired placental development. HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1, encoded by HMOX1) is a stress response enzyme crucial for endothelial and placental function. Long version of the guanine–thymine (GTn) microsatellite in the HMOX1 promoter decreases HO-1 expression, and the long maternal repeat is associated with late-onset preeclampsia. Our aim was to study whether the length of fetal repeat is associated with mother’s preeclampsia, whether the length of fetal and maternal repeats affect HO-1 levels in placenta and maternal serum, and whether HO-1 levels are alter...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tea Kaartokallio, Siddheshwar Utge, Miira M. Klemetti, Jussi Paananen, Kari Pulkki, Jarkko Romppanen, Ilkka Tikkanen, Seppo Heinonen, Eero Kaȷantie, Juha Kere, Katȷa Kivinen, Anneli Pouta, Paivi Lakkisto, Hannele Laivuori Tags: Gene Expression & Regulation, Genetic, Association Studies, Genetics, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Selective Nanoparticle Targeting of the Renal TubulesNovelty and Significance [Renal Drug Targeting]
Direct targeting to the kidneys is a promising strategy to improve drug therapeutic index for the treatment of kidney diseases. We sought to investigate the renal selectivity and safety of kidney-targeted mesoscale nanoparticle technology. We found that direct intravenous administration of these particles resulted in 26-fold renal selectivity and localized negligibly in the liver or other organs. The nanoparticles targeted the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, as evidenced by intravital microscopy and ex vivo imaging. Mice treated with the nanoparticles exhibited no negative systemic consequences, immune reaction, l...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ryan M. Williams, Janki Shah, Helen S. Tian, Xi Chen, Frederic Geissmann, Edgar A. Jaimes, Daniel A. Heller Tags: Nephrology and Kidney Original Articles Source Type: research
Uric Acid Is a Strong Risk Marker for Developing Hypertension From PrehypertensionNovelty and Significance [Hyperuricemia and Prehypertension]
Prehypertension frequently progresses to hypertension, a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and stroke. However, the risk factors for developing hypertension from prehypertension remain poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the data from 3584 prehypertensive Japanese adults (52.1±11.0 years, 2081 men) found to be prehypertensive in 2004 and reexamined in 2009. We calculated the cumulative incidences of hypertension over 5 years, examined risk factors, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for developing hypertension after adjustments for age, sex, bo...
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Masanari Kuwabara, Ichiro Hisatome, Koichiro Niwa, Shigeko Hara, Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez, Petter Bjornstad, Takahiko Nakagawa, Ana Andres-Hernando, Yuka Sato, Thomas Jensen, Gabriela Garcia, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, Minoru Ohno, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Rich Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Exercise-Induced Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Obesity and HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Clinical Trials]
In conclusion, sacubitril/valsartan treatment for 8 weeks did not elicit clinically relevant changes in exercise-induced lipolysis or substrate oxidation in obese patients with hypertension, implying that its beneficial cardiovascular effects cannot be explained by changes in lipid metabolism during exercise.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01631864. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - December 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stefan Engeli, Rudi Stinkens, Tim Heise, Marcus May, Gijs H. Goossens, Ellen E. Blaak, Bas Havekes, Thomas Jax, Diego Albrecht, Parasar Pal, Uwe Tegtbur, Sven Haufe, Thomas H. Langenickel, Jens Jordan Tags: Metabolism Original Articles Source Type: research
