Enzymatic demethylation of lignin for potential biobased polymer applications
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Balaji VenkatesagowdaAbstractLignin is a highly methylated, recalcitrant biopolymer available aplenty in nature, and is highly heteropolymer in nature, but yet it has been an under-utilized biopolymer. Modifying it chemically, biologically or enzymatically could render it a good candidate for phenol formaldehyde resin or into fine chemicals, fuels, and plastics applications. Lignin demethylation is facilitated by the enzymes called the O-demethylases, which are able to strip-off of the –OCH3 group in lignin, that give rise to the more ...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 3, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Role of Candida albicans mating in genetic variability and adaptation to the host
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Inês Correia, Elvira Román, Daniel Prieto, Susana Hidalgo-Vico, Rebeca Alonso-Monge, Jesús PlaAbstractSince its discovery at the end of the XIX century, Candida albicans has emerged as one of the most important human pathogenic fungi. This yeast efficiently colonizes the gastrointestinal cavity of humans, which is an important source for gastrointestinal-mediated dissemination of the fungus to internal organs under immune suppression. Controlling colonization may therefore lead to the eradication of C. albicans which may, in turn, be...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - June 27, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2019Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 33, Issue 2Author(s): (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - April 4, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Molecular dialogues between Trichoderma and roots: Role of the fungal secretome” [Fungal Biol Rev 32 (2018) 62–85]
Publication date: Available online 6 February 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza, Rinat Zaid, Robert Lawry, Rosa Hermosa, Enrique Monte, Benjamin A. Horwitz, Prasun K. Mukherjee (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - February 7, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: January 2019Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 33, Issue 1Author(s): (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - February 5, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Use of endophytes as biocontrol agents
Publication date: Available online 18 January 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Nimali I. De Silva, Siraprapa Brooks, Saisamorn Lumyong, Kevin D. HydeAbstractPlant diseases, caused by various microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and nematodes, affect agricultural practices and result in significant crop losses. Fungal pathogens are the major cause of plant diseases and infect most plants. Agrochemicals play a significant role in plant disease management to ensure a sustainable and productive agricultural system. However, the intensive use of chemicals has adverse effects on humans and eco...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - January 20, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Comprehensive, classical and molecular characterization methods of Saprolegnia (Oomycota; Stramnipila), an important fungal pathogen of fish
Publication date: Available online 19 January 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Aqib Rehman Magray, Showkat Ahmad Lone, Bashir Ahmad Ganai, Fayaz Ahmad, Gulam Jeelani Dar, Jehangir Shafi Dar, Sabeehah RehmanAbstractThe fish fungal pathogen (Saprolegnia) belonging to heterokonts group, causing Saprolegniosis, received considerable attention among all the fungal pathogens of fish. The pathogen is widely distributed to aquatic habitat and is an economically important member of the class Oomycetes. The genus comprises of opportunistic biotrophic or parasitic pathogens of fish and relevant aquatic organisms. The atro...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - January 20, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Occurrence and possible roles of melanic pigments in lichenized ascomycetes
Publication date: Available online 18 January 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Tshepiso Coral Mafole, Knut Asbjørn Solhaug, Farida Vilevna Minibayeva, Richard Peter BeckettAbstractMany species of lichenized ascomycetes are capable of synthesizing darkly colored melanin pigments by polymerizing phenolic compounds. Available data suggest that different clades of lichens produce various kinds of melanins, with N2-fixing Peltigeralean lichens producing N-rich DOPA or “eumelanins” and lichens from other orders producing N-poor “allomelanins.” In general, melanic lichens seem to be more common in environment...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - January 18, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Nitrile metabolism in fungi: A review of its key enzymes nitrilases with focus on their biotechnological impact
Publication date: Available online 14 January 2019Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Ludmila MartínkováAbstractNitriles are abundant in the plant kingdom. The ability to detoxify them is beneficial for microbes living in the plant environment. Nitrilases (NLases; EC 3.5.5.-), which hydrolyze nitriles to carboxylic acids, have been well characterized in bacteria, and classified into various substrate-specificity subtypes (aromatic NLases, aliphatic NLases, arylacetoNLases). NLases also occur in filamentous fungi, mainly in Ascomycota (subdivision Pezizomycotina), as documented by genome mining. However, the investig...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - January 15, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Killer toxin-like chitinases in filamentous fungi: Structure, regulation and potential roles in fungal biology
Publication date: Available online 19 December 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Georgios Tzelepis, Magnus KarlssonAbstractFungal chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes responsible for degradation of chitin. Chitinases are involved in several aspects of fungal biology, including cell wall remodelling during hyphal growth, conidial germination, autolysis, mycoparasitism and nutrient acquisition. They are divided into three distinct phylogenetic groups; A, B and C. Chitinases from the C group show structural similarities with the killer toxin zymocin produced by the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and it is speculated that ...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - December 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Origin of fungal biomass degrading enzymes: Evolution, diversity and function of enzymes of early lineage fungi
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Lene Lange, Bo Pilgaard, Florian-Alexander Herbst, Peter Kamp Busk, Frank Gleason, Anders Gorm PedersenAbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate the evolution of enzyme secretome of early lineage fungi to contribute to resolving the basal part of Fungal Kingdom and pave the way for industrial evaluation of their unique enzymes. By combining results of advanced sequence analysis with secretome mass spectrometry and phylogenetic trees, we provide evidence for that plant cell wall degrading enzymes of higher fungi share a common an...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - October 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Diversity of natural products of the genera Curvularia and Bipolaris
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Afra Khiralla, Rosella Spina, Sahar Saliba, Dominique Laurain-MattarAbstractCovering from 1963 to 2017.This review provides a summary of some secondary metabolites isolated from the genera Curvularia and Bipolaris from 1963 to 2017. The study has a broad objective. First to afford an overview of the structural diversity of these genera, classifying them depending on their chemical classes, highlighting individual examples of chemical structures. Also some information regarding their biological activities are presented. Several of the...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - October 17, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Endohyphal bacteria; the prokaryotic modulators of host fungal biology
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Palak Arora, Syed Riyaz-Ul-HassanAbstractFungi interact with bacteria in specific environmental niches through microbial cell–cell interactions and carry out various ecological functions collectively. However, there are a number of known associations wherein some bacteria reside within the hyphae of fungi, leveraging their growth, development, distribution and secondary metabolism. These bacteria are referred to as endohyphal bacteria (EHB). The EHB have been found to regulate key components of host reproductive machinery, induce t...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - October 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Fungi in acidic fire: A potential source of industrially important enzymes
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Noor Hassan, Muhammad Rafiq, Maliha Rehman, Wasim Sajjad, Fariha Hasan, Swaid AbdullahAbstractThe microbial life that exists in harsh habitats of low pH possess several unique characteristics, which assign interesting qualities to these microorganisms and enable them to thrive in such a harsh environment. Among microorganisms inhabiting low pH environments, fungi are the second largest reported organisms. These acidophilic fungi are the main source of acid–stable enzymes that could be utilized in many industries including paper, le...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - October 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: September 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 4Author(s): (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - September 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
