Warfare and defense: The host response to Cryptococcus infection
Publication date: March 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 2Author(s): Fabianno F. Dutra, Priscila C. Albuquerque, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Fernanda L. FonsecaAbstractCryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gatti are the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a life-threatening mycosis affecting the central nervous system. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the most fatal mycosis in AIDS patients, resulting almost 200 000 deaths annually. High cost, side effects and drug resistance are constant elements during treatment of cryptococcosis, encouraging the development of novel therapeutic strategies including ...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 2Author(s): (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
LOVe across kingdoms: Blue light perception vital for growth and development in plant–fungal interactions
Publication date: March 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 2Author(s): Johan Liversage, Martin P.A. Coetzee, Burt H. Bluhm, Dave K. Berger, Bridget G. CramptonAbstractBlue light plays an important role in the growth and development of fungi. Environmental cues enable plant pathogenic fungi to synchronise essential metabolic pathways to that of their hosts to gain a competitive advantage. Phylogenetic analysis of the LOV domain present in blue light receptors across all three kingdoms suggests that these receptors in fungal lineages have undergone convergent evolution to use the same domain for control and...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Molecular dialogues between Trichoderma and roots: Role of the fungal secretome
Publication date: March 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 2Author(s): Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza, Rinat Zaid, Robert Lawry, Rosa Hermosa, Enrique Monte, Benjamin A. Horwitz, Prasun K. MukherjeeAbstractTrichoderma species are opportunistic fungi residing primarily in soil, tree bark and on wild mushrooms. Trichoderma is capable of killing other fungi and penetrating plant roots, and is commonly used as both a biofungicide and inducer of plant defence against pathogens. These fungi also exert other beneficial effects on plants including growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic stresses, primarily mediated by...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Using evolutionary genomics, transcriptomics, and systems biology to reveal gene networks underlying fungal development
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Zheng Wang, Aditya Gudibanda, Ugochukwu Ugwuowo, Frances Trail, Jeffrey P. TownsendAbstractFungal model species have contributed to many aspects of modern biology, from biochemistry and cell biology to molecular genetics. Nevertheless, only a few genes associated with morphological development in fungi have been functionally characterized in terms of their genetic or molecular interactions. Evolutionary developmental biology in fungi faces challenges from a lack of fossil records and unresolved species phylogeny, to homoplasy associated...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Carotenoid pigments in rust fungi: Extraction, separation, quantification and characterisation
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Erpei Wang, Chongmei Dong, Robert F. Park, Thomas H. RobertsAbstractDiseases caused by rust fungi represent critical constraints to global plant production. A characteristic feature of rust pathogens is the striking pigments they produce in one or more spore forms, which give them a rusty appearance. Here, we review the literature published to date on the extraction, separation, quantification and characterisation of carotenoid pigments in rust fungi. These pigments are thought to protect rust fungi against UV radiation and oxidative st...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Genomics and transcriptomics to study fruiting body development: An update
Publication date: Available online 10 March 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Minou NowrousianAbstractFruiting bodies of asco- and basidiomycetes are complex three-dimensional structures that protect and disperse the sexual spores. Their differentiation requires the concerted action of many genes, therefore "omics" techniques to analyze fungal genomes and gene expression at a genome-wide level provide excellent means to gain insights into this differentiation process. This review summarizes some recent examples of the use of “omics” techniques to study fruiting body morphogenesis. These include genome-center...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Influences of environmental factors on fruiting body induction, development and maturation in mushroom-forming fungi
Publication date: Available online 17 March 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Yuichi SakamotoAbstractMushroom-forming fungi (restricted to basidiomycetous fungi in this review) differentiate by sensing several environmental factors for fruiting body formation. For fruiting body induction, nutrient, temperature and light conditions are critical environmental factors. Higher nitrogen and carbon sources in the media will suppress fruiting body induction in many mushroom-forming fungi, with induction being triggered by lower nitrogen and carbon concentrations. Low temperature or temperature downshift is another crit...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Biological, biochemical and molecular aspects of Scedosporium aurantiacum, a primary and opportunistic fungal pathogen
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Helena Nevalainen, Jashanpreet Kaur, Zhiping Han, Liisa Kautto, Marc Ramsperger, Wieland Meyer, Sharon C.-A. ChenAbstractThe present review summarises the current knowledge of the biology, biochemistry and molecular aspects of S. aurantiacum in context with the broader knowledge on Scedosporium spp, generated over the past decade. Recently, the genus has undergone two taxonomical reviews. S. aurantiacum is widely distributed in all ecological niches and geographical locations. It is a highly pathogenic opportunist capable of causing a b...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The role of homeodomain transcription factors in fungal development
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Peter Jan Vonk, Robin A. OhmAbstractThe role of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors during development in animals is well established since the identification of the homeobox gene clusters. In the kingdom Fungi homeodomain genes also play a crucial role during multicellular development. They were first identified in mating type loci, which regulate sexual development. Later, other HD genes were shown to be involved in fruiting body development in several members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. In this review we describe recent resear...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Aphanomyces invadans, the causal agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome, is a global threat to wild and farmed fish
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Nurul Aqilah Iberahim, Franziska Trusch, Pieter van WestAbstractAphanomyces invadans is a eukaryotic pathogen and the causative agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in fish and is responsible for mortalities of up to 100% in aquaculture. A. invadans was first discovered in Japan in 1971, and since then it has been found in Australia, North America, Southern African countries and Asia. Methods for the correct identification of A. invadans are well established now and involve PCR-based detection and microscopy. However, the pathoge...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Fungal cytochrome P450 protein Cyp51: What we can learn from its evolution, regulons and Cyp51-based azole resistance
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2018Source: Fungal Biology ReviewsAuthor(s): Jinxing Song, Shizhu Zhang, Ling LuAbstractCyp51 (Sterol 14α-demethylase) is the single cytochrome P450 (Cyp) required for sterol biosynthesis in different phyla. Among hundreds of P450 proteins, Cyp51 is evolutionarily the oldest P450 protein and is the only cytochrome P450 protein present in most biological kingdoms including fungi, bacteria, plants and animals. A valuable class of antifungals such as azoles, amphotericin B, specifically target the fungal Cyp51 (Erg11), a lanosterol demethylase that is critical for the specific compon...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: January 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): (Source: Fungal Biology Reviews)
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
What has happened to the “aquatic phycomycetes” (sensu Sparrow)? Part I: A brief historical perspective
Publication date: January 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): Frank H. Gleason, Agostina V. Marano, Osu Lilje, Lene LangeAbstractThe “aquatic phycomycetes” constitute an ecologically and economically important assemblage of eukaryotic microorganisms, because they share many morphological traits and important ecological functions and they interact with each other in aquatic ecosystems. The last two decades of research have provided both molecular and structural evidence that the “aquatic phycomycetes” are a diverse, polyphyletic grouping and therefore not a valid taxonomic entity. Very l...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The role of anaerobic fungi in fundamental biogeochemical cycles in the deep biosphere
Publication date: January 2018Source: Fungal Biology Reviews, Volume 32, Issue 1Author(s): Henrik Drake, Magnus IvarssonAbstractA major part of the biologic activity on Earth is hidden underneath our feet in an environment coined the deep biosphere which stretches several kilometers down into the bedrock. The knowledge about life in this vast energy-poor deep system is, however, extremely scarce, particularly for micro-eukaryotes such as fungi, as most studies have focused on prokaryotes. Recent findings suggest that anaerobic fungi indeed thrive at great depth in fractures and cavities of igneous rocks in both the oceanic...
Source: Fungal Biology Reviews - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
