Loss of glucocerebrosidase 1 activity causes lysosomal dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation.
PMID: 26427853 [PubMed - in process] (Source: exp Mol Med)
Source: exp Mol Med - October 5, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bae EJ, Yang NY, Lee C, Lee HJ, Kim S, Sardi SP, Lee SJ Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
The biological complexity of RKIP signaling in human cancers.
Abstract
The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) has been demonstrated to modulate different intracellular signaling pathways in cancers. Studies have shown that RKIP is frequently downregulated in cancers; therefore, attempts have been made to upregulate the expression of RKIP using natural and synthetic agents for the treatment of human malignancies. Moreover, various regulators such as specific proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the regulation of RKIP expression have also been identified. RKIP mechanistically modulates the apoptotic regulators of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosi...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 28, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Farooqi AA, Li Y, Sarkar FH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Proangiogenic cells enhanced persistent and physiologic neovascularization compared with macrophages.
This study was performed to reveal the differential neovascularization activities of PACs compared with those of myelomonocytic cells. We cultured PACs and CD14(+)-derived macrophages (Macs) for 7 days. Most of the surface markers and cytokines in the two cell types were alike; the exceptions were KDR, β8 integrin, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Unlike Macs, PACs significantly enhanced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transmigration. PACs and Macs increased neovascularization activity in an in vitro co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MSCs and in an in vivo cotransplantation in Matrigel....
Source: exp Mol Med - September 28, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Choi YE, Cha YR, Lee KM, Kim HJ, Yoon CH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Serum exosomal microRNAs as novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma.
This study suggests that serum exosomal microRNAs may be used as novel serological biomarkers for HCC.
PMID: 26380927 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: exp Mol Med)
Source: exp Mol Med - September 20, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Sohn W, Kim J, Kang SH, Yang SR, Cho JY, Cho HC, Shim SG, Paik YH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
BAFF knockout improves systemic inflammation via regulating adipose tissue distribution in high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammatory state due to adipose tissue expansion being accompanied by an increase in the production of proinflammatory adipokines. Our group is the first to report that B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is produced from adipocytes and functions as a proinflammatory adipokine. Here, we investigated how loss of BAFF influenced diet-induced obesity in mice by challenging BAFF(-/-) mice with a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. The results demonstrated that weight gain in BAFF(-/-) mice was >30% than in control mice, with a specific increase in the fat mass of ...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kim DH, Do MS Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
EBV and human cancer.
PMID: 25613727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: exp Mol Med)
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ko YH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Epstein-Barr virus latent genes.
Abstract
Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has a substantial role in causing many human disorders. The persistence of these viral genomes in all malignant cells, yet with the expression of limited latent genes, is consistent with the notion that EBV latent genes are important for malignant cell growth. While the EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP-2A) are critical, the EBNA-leader proteins, EBNA-2, EBNA-3A, EBNA-3C and LMP-1, are individually essential for in vitro transformation of primary B cells to lymphoblastoid cell lines. EBV-encoded RNAs and EBNA-3Bs ar...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kang MS, Kieff E Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
EBV-driven B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: from biology, classification and differential diagnosis to clinical management.
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, affecting >90% of the adult population. EBV targets B-lymphocytes and achieves latent infection in a circular episomal form. Different latency patterns are recognized based on latent gene expression pattern. Latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) mimics CD40 and, when self-aggregated, provides a proliferation signal via activating the nuclear factor-kappa B, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to promote cellular proliferation. LMP-1 ...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ok CY, Li L, Young KH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Epstein-Barr virus-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus, a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, can induce both lytic and latent infections that result in a variety of human diseases, including lymphoproliferative disorders. The oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus is related to its ability to infect and transform B lymphocytes into continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cells. However, Epstein-Barr virus has also been implicated in the development of T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Epstein-Barr virus encodes a series of products that mimic several growth, transcription and anti-apoptotic factors, thus usurping c...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Cai Q, Chen K, Young KH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Genomic assays for Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric adenocarcinoma.
Abstract
A small set of gastric adenocarcinomas (9%) harbor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA within malignant cells, and the virus is not an innocent bystander but rather is intimately linked to pathogenesis and tumor maintenance. Evidence comes from unique genomic features of host DNA, mRNA, microRNA and CpG methylation profiles as revealed by recent comprehensive genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Their data show that gastric cancer is not one disease but rather comprises four major classes: EBV-positive, microsatellite instability (MSI), genomically stable and chromosome instability. The E...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Gulley ML Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Modeling EBV infection and pathogenesis in new-generation humanized mice.
Abstract
The development of highly immunodeficient mouse strains has allowed the reconstitution of functional human immune system components in mice. New-generation humanized mice generated in this manner have been extensively used for modeling viral infections that are exclusively human tropic. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected humanized mice reproduce cardinal features of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Erosive arthritis morphologically resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has also been recapitulated in these mice. Low-dose EB...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Fujiwara S, Imadome K, Takei M Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Epstein Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases: the virus as a therapeutic target.
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) express all EBV latent antigens (type III latency) in immunodeficient patients and limited antigens (type I and II latencies) in immunocompetent patients. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is the prototype exhibiting type III EBV latency. Although EBV antigens are highly immunogenic, PTLD cell proliferation remains unchecked because of the underlying immunosuppression. The restoration of anti-EBV immunity by EBV-specific T cells of either autologous or allogeneic origin has been shown to be safe and effec...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tse E, Kwong YL Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Activation of KRAS promotes the mesenchymal features of basal-type breast cancer.
Abstract
Basal-type breast cancers are among the most aggressive and deadly breast cancer subtypes, displaying a high metastatic ability associated with mesenchymal features. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of mesenchymal phenotypes of basal-type breast cancer cells remain obscure. Here, we report that KRAS is a critical regulator for the maintenance of mesenchymal features in basal-type breast cancer cells. KRAS is preferentially activated in basal-type breast cancer cells as compared with luminal type. By loss and gain of KRAS, we found that KRAS is necessary and sufficient f...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kim RK, Suh Y, Yoo KC, Cui YH, Kim H, Kim MJ, Gyu Kim I, Lee SJ Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Analyses of the TCR repertoire of MHC class II-restricted innate CD4⁺ T cells.
Abstract
Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of innate CD4(+) T cells selected by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-dependent thymocyte-thymocyte (T-T) interaction (T-T CD4(+) T cells) is essential for predicting the characteristics of the antigens that bind to these T cells and for distinguishing T-T CD4(+) T cells from other types of innate T cells. Using the TCR(mini) Tg mouse model, we show that the repertoire of TCRα chains in T-T CD4(+) T cells was extremely diverse, in contrast to the repertoires previously described for other types of innate T cells. The TCRα chain sequ...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 18, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kang BH, Min HS, Lee YJ, Choi B, Kim EJ, Lee J, Kim JR, Cho KH, Kim TJ, Jung KC, Park SH Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
Vaccination with Klebsiella pneumoniae-derived extracellular vesicles protects against bacteria-induced lethality via both humoral and cellular immunity.
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae highlights the need to develop preventive measures to ameliorate Klebsiella infections. Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical nanometer-sized proteolipids enriched with outer membrane proteins. Gram-negative bacteria-derived EVs have gained interest for use as nonliving complex vaccines. In the present study, we evaluated whether K. pneumoniae-derived EVs confer protection against bacteria-induced lethality. K. pneumoniae-derived EVs isolated from in vitro bacterial culture supernatants induced innate immunity, includ...
Source: exp Mol Med - September 13, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lee WH, Choi HI, Hong SW, Kim KS, Gho YS, Jeon SG Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research
