Electrophysiological evidence of altered visual processing in adults who experienced visual deprivation during infancy
We examined the role of early visual input in visual system development by testing adults who had been born with dense bilateral cataracts that blocked all patterned visual input during infancy until the cataractous lenses were removed surgically and the eyes fitted with compensatory contact lenses. Patients viewed checkerboards and textures to explore early processing regions (V1, V2), Glass patterns to examine global form processing (V4), and moving stimuli to explore global motion processing (V5). Patients' ERPs differed from those of controls in that (1) the V1 component was much smaller for all but the simplest stimul...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sidney J. Segalowitz, Avital Sternin, Terri L. Lewis, Jane Dywan, Daphne Maurer Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Chronic social instability in adult female rats alters social behavior, maternal aggression and offspring development
This study demonstrates continued adult vulnerability to social challenges with an impact specific to social situations for mothers and offspring. (Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - December 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Florent Pittet, Jessica A. Babb, Lindsay Carini, Benjamin C. Nephew Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cover, Ed Board and TOC
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - December 22, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Neural mechanisms of attention become more specialised during infancy: Insights from combined eye tracking and EEG
This study investigated the development of neural mechanisms by combining EEG with simultaneous eye tracking during FSP testing, in typically developing infants aged between 1 and 8 months. The most prominent neural response was a frontal positivity which occurred only in the hemisphere contralateral to the target in the youngest infants but became more ipsilateral with age. This changing lateralisation was associated with improving ability to shift attention (decreasing saccade latencies and fewer ‘sticky fixations’—failures to disengage attention from the central target). These findings suggest that the lateralisat...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Louisa Kulke, Janette Atkinson, Oliver Braddick Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Do different data analytic approaches generate discrepant findings when measuring mother –infant HPA axis attunement?
Abstract
Attunement between mothers and infants in their hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to acute stressors is thought to benefit the child's emerging physiological and behavioral self‐regulation, as well as their socioemotional development. However, there is no universally accepted definition of attunement in the literature, which appears to have resulted in inconsistent statistical analyses for determining its presence or absence, and contributed to discrepant results. We used a series of data analytic approaches, some previously used in the attunement literature and others not, to evaluate...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nicola K. Bernard, Deborah A. Kashy, Alytia A. Levendosky, G. Anne Bogat, Joseph S. Lonstein Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Maternal deprivation alters expression of neural maturation gene tbr1 in the amygdala paralaminar nucleus in infant female macaques
Abstract
Early parental loss is associated with social–emotional dysregulation and amygdala physiologic changes. Previously, we examined whole amygdala gene expression in infant monkeys exposed to early maternal deprivation. Here, we focus on an amygdala region with immature neurons at birth: the paralaminar nucleus (PL). We hypothesized that 1) the normal infant PL is enriched in a subset of neural maturation (NM) genes compared to a nearby amygdala subregion; and 2) maternal deprivation would downregulate expression of NM transcripts (mRNA). mRNAs for bcl2, doublecortin, neuroD1, and tbr1—genes expressed in post‐mi...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Danielle M. de Campo, Judy L. Cameron, Joseph M. Miano, David A. Lewis, Karoly Mirnics, Julie L. Fudge Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Association between body mass index and salivary uric acid among Mexican ‐origin infants, youth and adults: Gender and developmental differences
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is the end product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides. Recent studies have measured UA in saliva in relation to obesity and chronic disease risk. Given the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Latino youth, we examined gender and age differences in salivary uric acid (sUA) and weight in a sample of Mexican‐origin children (n = 65, 2 months to 18 years, 49% female) and adults (n = 46, 19–58 years, 72% female). We measured weight, height, waist, and hip circumference and collected saliva samples (later assayed for sUA). Structural equation models estimated the re...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 26, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Air ín D. Martínez, Lillian Ruelas, Douglas A. Granger Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 14, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
Developmental Psychobiology: Volume 58, Number S1, 2016
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 14, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Cover Source Type: research
Abstract
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - November 2, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research
Tony DeCasper, the man who changed contemporary views on human fetal cognitive abilities
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marie ‐Claire Busnel, William Fifer, Carolyn Granier‐Deferre, Roger Lecuyer, George Michel, Christine Moon, Robin Panneton, Benoist Schaal, Melanie Spence Tags: Obituary Source Type: research
Running during adolescence rescues a maternal separation ‐induced memory impairment in female mice: Potential role of differential exon‐specific BDNF expression
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress has been associated with memory impairments related to changes in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. However, the potential impact of physical exercise to reverse these effects of maternal separation has been under investigated. Mice were subjected to maternal separation during the first 2 weeks of life and then exposed to a 3‐week running protocol during adolescence. The spontaneous object recognition task was performed during adolescence followed by analysis of hippocampal expression of exons I, IV, and IX of the BDNF gene. As expected, maternal separation impai...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Luis Eduardo Wearick ‐Silva, Paul Marshall, Thiago Wendt Viola, Anderson Centeno‐Silva, Lucas Araújo de Azeredo, Rodrigo Orso, Xiang Li, Márcio V. Donadio, Timothy W. Bredy, Rodrigo Grassi‐Oliveira Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Toddler parasympathetic regulation and fear: Links to maternal appraisal and behavior
There is a growing recognition that parental socialization influences interact with young children's emerging capacity for physiological regulation and shape children's developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, the transactional processes linking parental socialization and physiological regulatory processes remain not well understood, particularly for fear‐prone toddlers. To address this gap in the literature, the present study investigated the biopsychosocial processes that underlie toddlers’ fear regulation by examining the relations among toddler parasympathetic regulation, maternal appraisal, and parenting behavior...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 27, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sunghye Cho, Kristin A. Buss Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Cortisol stress responses and children's behavioral functioning at school
The present study investigated whether cortisol stress responses of 6‐year‐olds were associated with their behavioral functioning at school. Additionally, the moderating role of stress in the family environment was examined. To this end, 149 healthy children (Mage = 6.09 years; 70 girls) participated in an age‐appropriate innovative social evaluative stress test. Saliva cortisol samples were collected six times during the stress test to calculate two indices of the cortisol stress response: cortisol stress reactivity and total stress cortisol. Teachers assessed children's internalizing, externalizing, and prosoci...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 24, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sterre S.H. Simons, Antonius H.N. Cillessen, Carolina de Weerth Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates the impact of maternal prenatal anxiety on infant negative affectivity
Maternal prenatal anxiety is associated with infants’ temperamental negative affectivity (NA), but it is unclear to what extent children vary in their susceptibility to prenatal influences. We tested a hypothesis that infants’ respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic vagal tone and a potential marker of differential susceptibility to environmental influences, moderates the effects of maternal prenatal anxiety on the development of infant NA. Prenatal anxiety was assessed during the last trimester of pregnancy in a low‐risk community sample. Infant NA, baseline RSA, and maternal postnatal anxiet...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 20, 2016 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mikko J. Peltola, Tiina M äkelä, E. Juulia Paavonen, Elina Vierikko, Outi Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, Tiina Paunio, Jari K. Hietanen, Anneli Kylliäinen Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
