Combining Stress and Dopamine Based Models of Addiction.
This article seeks to resolve theoretical issues inherent to each model, as well as propose a more comprehensive psycho-neuro-endocrinological theory of addiction which reconciles important elements of both. We suggest that there is not only direct interaction of dopaminergic and stress systems throughout the addiction cycle, from initial use, via the abusing stage, to the endpoint of addiction, but that this interaction is present prior to initial use. A combination of genetic factors and/or experiences of adversity may result in a stress-triggered sensitisation of dopaminergic networks which is present before the onset o...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - December 11, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Quitters Never Sleep: The Effect of Nicotine Withdrawal Upon Sleep.
Authors: Hayley AC, Downey LA
PMID: 26452449 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews)
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - October 13, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Signs and Related Mechanisms of Ethanol Hepatotoxicity.
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Magalhaes T, Queiros O, Proenca JB, Moreira R, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F
Abstract
Ethanol is the most abused psychoactive substance. Accordingly to World Health Organization ethanol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death (3.3 million/year) throughout the world. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic signs related to hepatoxicity of ethanol that may lead to suspected of abuse. Namely, steatosis, jaundice, cirrhosis, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices caput medusae, ascites, petechiae, ecchymoses, splenomegaly, ...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - October 13, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
How Can Geographical Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Inform a Response to Prescription Opioid Misuse? A Discussion in the Context of Existing Literature.
Discussion in the Context of Existing Literature.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2015;8(2):104-10
Authors: Mazumdar S, Mcrae IS, Islam MM
Abstract
The misuse of prescription opioids is a major public health problem in the United States, Canada, Australia and other parts of the developed world. Methods to quantify dimensions of the risk environment in relation to drug usage and law enforcement that are both structural and spatial, draw geography into traditional public health research even though there has been limited attempt to address the prescription opioid misuse problem from a geograph...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - October 13, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Toward a Developmentally Centered Approach to Adolescent Alcohol and Substance Use Treatment.
Authors: Settles RE, Smith GT
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol and drug use disorders pose significant risks to adolescents' future functioning. Unfortunately, relapse rates following treatment for these disorders are high. The newest generation of interventions, designed in part to address this problem, place greater focus on the developmental needs of adolescents. In this review, we highlight the importance and promise of this progress in the field. We also argue for a further, more complete, integration odevelopment and treatment: Instead of a focus on developmental issues as part of the process of substance...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - September 18, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Digital and Computer-Based Alcohol Intervention Programs in Primary Care.
CONCLUSION: This is the first systematic review of digital or computer-based alcohol intervention programs used by primary care patients. Although the number of trials in this area of research is relatively small, their findings indicate effectiveness in reducing alcohol consumption as well as drinking related consequences. Extended interventions which offer additional opportunities to monitor drinking over time appear no more effective than single occasion brief interventions. These findings suggest that digital and computer-based interventions in primary care may have the potential to increase alcohol intervention activ...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - September 18, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Can decision making research provide a better understanding of chemical and behavioral addictions?
Authors: Engel A, Cáceda R
Abstract
We reviewed the cognitive and neurobiological commonalities between chemical and behavioral addictions. Poor impulse control, limited executive function and abnormalities in reward processing are seen in both group of entities. Brain imaging shows consistent abnormalities in frontoparietal regions and the limbic system. In drug addiction, exaggerated risk taking behavior and temporal discounting may reflect an imbalance between a hyperactive mesolimbic and hypoactive executive systems. Several cognitive distortions are found in pathological gambling that seems to harnes...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - September 18, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
The role of different aspects of impulsivity as independent risk factors for substance use disorders in patients with ADHD: A review.
Authors: Ortal S, Johan F, Itai B, Nir Y, Iliyan I, van den Brink W
Abstract
High impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays a key role in their vulnerability to substance abuse disorders (SUDs). Although impulsivity is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional construct, efforts to describe the contribution of different impulsivity aspects to the development of SUD have been hindered by conceptual and experimental inconsistencies. This review seeks to map potential trajectories from childhood ADHD to SUD by examining the hypothesized mediating role of three diff...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - September 18, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
The Green Light on Ketamine: Considerations for On-Road Safety.
Authors: Hayley AC, Stough C, Verster JC, van de Loo AJ, Downey LA
PMID: 26084417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews)
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - June 20, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
The Misuse of Prescription Opioids: A Threat for Europe?
Authors: van Amsterdam J, van den Brink W
Abstract
In the the past two decades the medical use of prescription opioids (POs), in particular oxycodone, increased up to 14-fold in the U.S. and Canada. The high consumption of these pain relievers also led to non-medical use and abuse of these substances which in turn resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of PO related fatalities and opioid dependent subjects. In the U.S. POs became the second most prevalent type of abused drug (4.5 million abusers; 1.7% of the population) after marijuana (8 million abusers) with currently 1.9 million (0.7% of the popu...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - June 20, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Treatment of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Internalizing Disorders: A Critical Review and Proposed Model.
CONCLUSIONS: The existing literature guides the development of a conceptual evidence-based, modular treatment model targeting adolescents with co-occurring internalizing and SUDs. With empirical study, such a model may better address treatment outcomes for both disorder types in adolescents.
PMID: 25973718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews)
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - May 16, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Executive functioning in alcohol use studies: A brief review of findings and challenges in assessment.
Authors: Day AM, Kahler CW, Ahern DC, Clark US
Abstract
There is a wealth of research about the links between executive functioning (EF) and alcohol use. However, difficulty may arise in interpreting findings because of the variability between studies regarding the specific components of EF measured, as well as the variability of tasks used to examine each EF construct. The current article considers each of these problems within the context of a literature review that focuses on two topics: (1) the efficacy of EF in predicting alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences, and (2) the effect of acute alcoho...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - April 19, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Introduction to 'beneficial effects of psychedelics with a special focus on addictions'.
Authors: Breeksema JJ, Kortekaas R
PMID: 25870868 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews)
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - April 16, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
An Update of the Review of Neuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Substance Abuse: A Literature Review and Implications for Treatment and Future Research.
Authors: Norman LR, Basso M
Abstract
Neuropyschological dysfunction, ranging from mild cerebral indicators to dementia has been a consistent part of the medical picture of HIV/AIDS. However, advances in medical supervision, particularly as a result of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, have resulted in some mitigation of the neuropsychological effects of HIV and necessitate re-evaluation of the pattern and nature of HIV-related cognitive or mental deficits. The associated enhancements in morbidity and mortality that have occurred as a result of ARV medication have led to a need for interventions and programs ...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - March 12, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Abstinent MDMA Users: A Review.
Authors: Garg A, Kapoor S, Goel M, Chopra S, Chopra M, Kapoor A, Cann UM, Behera C
Abstract
Ecstasy or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug of abuse. In the animal studies MDMA has been shown to have deleterious effects on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system. Understanding the adverse effects of MDMA on human brain function is of considerable importance owing to the rising number of MDMA users. Various neuroimaging studies have investigated the structural, chemical and functional differences in the brain integrity of chronic MDMA users. Various neurocognitive domains like working...
Source: Current Drug Abuse Reviews - March 5, 2015 Category: Addiction Tags: Curr Drug Abuse Rev Source Type: research
