Artificial graphenes: Dirac matter beyond condensed matter
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Gilles MontambauxAbstractAfter the discovery of graphene and of its many fascinating properties, there has been a growing interest for the study of “artificial graphenes”. These are totally different and novel systems that bear exciting similarities with graphene. Among them are lattices of ultracold atoms, microwave or photonic lattices, “molecular graphene” or new compounds like phosphorene. The advantage of these structures is that they serve as new playgrounds for measuring and testing physical phenomena that may not be ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - November 8, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Emerging processes for metallurgical coatings and thin films
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Alain Billard, Francis Maury, Pascal Aubry, Fanny Balbaud-Célérier, Benjamin Bernard, Fernando Lomello, Hicham Maskrot, Erick Meillot, Alexandre Michau, Frédéric SchusterAbstractInnovation in thin-film deposition processes, thermal spraying and cladding technologies mostly rely on evolutions of their previous iteration. Along with other examples, five case studies of emerging elaboration processes for metallurgical coatings are described coupled with their applications. In the frame of the lifetime extension of components expose...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - November 6, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: May–June 2018Source: Comptes Rendus Physique, Volume 19, Issue 4Author(s): (Source: Comptes Rendus Physique)
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 24, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Dossier Sommaire
Publication date: May–June 2018Source: Comptes Rendus Physique, Volume 19, Issue 4Author(s): (Source: Comptes Rendus Physique)
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 24, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Reactivity of chromium-based pigments in a porcelain glaze
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Louisiane Verger, Olivier Dargaud, Gwenaëlle Rousse, Laurent CormierAbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive investigation at the microscopic scale of various pigments composed of chromium from the French ‘Manufacture de Sèvres’ to establish the origin of color in glazes. Electron microscopy coupled with X-ray diffraction allows the determination of the microstructure and composition of the crystalline phases after firing. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals subtle changes in the medium-range ordering around Cr with high ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 24, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
On shapes and forms: Population balance dynamics of corrugated stirred fronts
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Emmanuel VillermauxAbstractWe introduce a unified framework to discuss the emergence of corrugations on material interfaces transported by random media. Relating the shape of these interfaces to the stirring field giving birth to it, we formalize a population balance dynamics for the r-elements (segments of length r) needed to cover the interface contour in the course of its deformation. As long as corrugations grow kinematically, shapes change continuously, their fractal dimension df(r,t) is a non-monotonous function of the scale r...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 23, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Josephson ladders as a model system for 1D quantum phase transitions
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Matthew T. Bell, Benoît Douçot, Michael E. Gershenson, Lev B. Ioffe, Aleksandra PetkovićAbstractWe propose a novel platform for the study of quantum phase transitions in one dimension (1D QPT). The system consists of a specially designed chain of asymmetric SQUIDs; each SQUID contains several Josephson junctions with one junction shared between the nearest-neighbor SQUIDs. We develop the theoretical description of the low-energy part of the spectrum. In particular, we show that the system exhibits a quantum phase transition of Is...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 20, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Physics of particulate flows: From sand avalanche to active suspensions in plants
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Yoël Forterre, Olivier PouliquenAbstractFlows of granular media in air or in a liquid have been a research field for physicists for several decades. Sometimes solid, sometimes liquid, these particulate materials exhibit peculiar behaviors, which have motivated many studies at the frontiers between nonlinear physics, soft matter physics and fluid mechanics. This paper presents a summary of the recent advances in the field, with a focus on the development of continuous approaches, which make it possible to treat granular media as a c...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 20, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Simulating the composition and structuration of coloring layers in historical painting from non-invasive spectral reflectance measurements
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Fabien Pottier, Morgane Gerardin, Anne Michelin, Mathieu Hébert, Christine AndraudAbstractReflectance spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive technique for determining the material composition of historical polychromies, since the measurement is fast, simple, and contactless. However, reflectance spectra of complex color mixtures can sometimes be hard to interpret from a compositional point of view. In these cases, theoretical optical simulations can provide useful additional data. The main issue is the choice of the optical model ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 18, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
The transport network of a leaf
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Eleni KatiforiAbstractModern leaves, the energy factories of plants, are the products of a 400-million-year evolutionary race towards improved efficiency and robustness. As such they have evolved two sophisticated transport systems, the xylem and the phloem, which irrigate the surface of the leaf blade, distribute water and nutrients, and collect the products of photosynthesis. In this review, we discuss the development and function of these two networks. Additionally, with a focus on the global topological and architectural feature...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 17, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Transitions in spatial networks
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Marc BarthelemyAbstractNetworks embedded in space can display all sorts of transitions when their structure is modified. The nature of these transitions (and in some cases crossovers) can differ from the usual appearance of a giant component as observed for the Erdös–Rényi graph, and spatial networks display a large variety of behaviors. We will discuss here some (mostly recent) results about topological transitions, ‘localization’ transitions seen in the shortest paths pattern, and also about the effect of congestion and fl...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 17, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Robustness of spatial networks and networks of networks
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Louis M. Shekhtman, Michael M. Danziger, Dana Vaknin, Shlomo HavlinAbstractMany complex networks have recently been recognized to involve significant interdependence between different systems. Motivation comes primarily from infrastructures like power grids and communications networks, but also includes areas such as the human brain and finance. Interdependence implies that when components in one system fail, they lead to failures in the same system or other systems. This can then lead to additional failures finally resulting in a l...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 17, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Foreword
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Marc Barthelemy (Source: Comptes Rendus Physique)
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 16, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Design of strain-transformable titanium alloys
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Philippe Castany, Thierry Gloriant, Fan Sun, Frédéric PrimaAbstractAmongst titanium alloys, metastable β types are the most promising to improve performances of materials currently used in several sectors such as aeronautics or biomedical applications. Particularly, some metastable β titanium alloys exhibit a stress-induced martensitic transformation (into the orthorhombic α″ phase) that can be tuned to obtain superelasticity or the TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) effect. The design strategy of such strain-transforma...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 16, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
