From high-entropy alloys to complex concentrated alloys
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Stéphane Gorsse, Jean-Philippe Couzinié, Daniel B. MiracleAbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) and related concept of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) expand the diversity of the materials world and inspire new ideas and approaches for the design of materials with an attractive combination of properties. Here, we present a critical review of the field with the intent of summarizing the principles underlying their birth and growth. We highlight the major accomplishments and progresses over the last 14 years, especially in the disco...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 16, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
High temperature materials for aerospace applications: Ni-based superalloys and γ-TiAl alloys
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Mikael Perrut, Pierre Caron, Marc Thomas, Alain CouretAbstractTwo outstanding aerospace-oriented high-temperature materials, the single-crystal nickel-based superalloys for high-pressure turbine blades and the γ-TiAl-based alloys for low pressure turbine blades, are being presented here. In both cases, the optimisation of their mechanical properties is based on a high knowledge of metallurgy, mixing together different aspects such as processes, alloy design, deformation mechanisms, impact of oxidative environment or interaction bet...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 16, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Spatial brain networks
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Danielle S. Bassett, Jennifer StisoAbstractThe human brain is a wonderfully complex organ characterized by heterogeneous connectivity between cellular and tissue units. This complexity supports the rich repertoire of dynamics and function that is characteristic of human cognition. While studies of brain connectivity have provided important insight into healthy cognition as well as its alteration in psychiatric disorders and neurological disease, an understanding of how this connectivity is embedded into the 3-dimensional space of th...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 13, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Plausible black hole solutions in higher-derivative gravity
Publication date: Available online 12 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Seyed Hamid Reza FazlollahiAbstractHere we obtain explicit black hole solutions in Extension Gravity models with high-order derivative terms, while the Lichnerowicz-type theorem simplifies our analysis by vanishing Ricci's scalar curvature. We find out two explicit static, spherical solutions that satisfy the presented action: the first one is the same usual Schwarzschild solution and the other one is the new non-Schwarzschild solution. It means that Schwarzschild's solution following the no-hair theorem can describe any black hole ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 13, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Spatial networks with wireless applications
We describe recent work involving such networks, considering effects due to the geometry (convex, non-convex, and fractal), node distribution, distance-dependent link probability, mobility, directivity, and interference.RésuméDe nombreux réseaux sont constitués de nœuds situés dans l'espace physique, avec des liens plus fréquents entre des paires de nœuds peu distants. Par exemple, pour un réseau maillé sans fil, les nœuds représentent des appareils sans fil et les liens des canaux de communication. Nous décrivons des travaux récents impliquant de tels réseaux, en considérant les effets dus à la géométri...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 11, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Recent advances in the metallurgy of aluminium alloys. Part I: Solidification and casting
Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Philippe Jarry, Michel RappazAbstractThe goal of these review papers is to summarize the recent advances in the metallurgy of aluminium alloys and from this analysis, to try to outline future developments in this field. Part I deals with the transformation of aluminium alloys from the liquid to the solid state, while Part II will focus on solid-state transformations. These papers are by no means exhaustive since the literature is very abundant, but the authors wish to give a personal view of what they think are the most relevant scie...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - October 6, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
X-ray diffraction and heterogeneous materials: An adaptive crystallography approach
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Catherine Dejoie, Pierre-Olivier Autran, Pierre Bordet, Andy N. Fitch, Pauline Martinetto, Philippe Sciau, Nobumichi Tamura, Jonathan WrightAbstractCultural heritage materials are often complex and heterogeneous, with a multi-scale architecture. Phases from a variety of crystalline forms co-exist in a wide grain size distribution, with each of these phases keeping in their structural arrangement a memory of the transformations that occurred to the material. Over the last two decades, X-ray diffraction has been applied successfully...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - September 14, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Combinatorial approaches for the design of metallic alloys
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Alexis Deschamps, Franck Tancret, Imed-Eddine Benrabah, Frédéric De Geuser, Hugo P. Van LandeghemAbstractThe design of new metallic alloys is faced with the challenge of an increasing complexity of the alloys composition, processing and resulting microstructures necessary to answer to multiple property targets, together with a requirement that the design stage be faster and less expensive. This paper shows that combinatorial methods, combining numerical and experimental approaches, can be applied to the specific requirements of ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - September 13, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Joint data treatment for Vis–NIR reflectance imaging spectroscopy and XRF imaging acquired in the Theban Necropolis in Egypt by data fusion and t-SNE
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Matthias Alfeld, Silvia Pedetti, Philippe Martinez, Philippe WalterAbstractHyperspectral imaging allows the acquisition of representative information on cultural heritage objects. For a complete identification of the chemical compounds present, one needs instruments employing different forms of radiation, sensitive to different chemical features. Data treatment workflows are commonly developed for a single spectroscopic technique, so that data sets are evaluated separately, and the reduced representations yielded are compared duri...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - September 11, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Comparative study of the alpha decay of Hg isotopes using different forms of nuclear potentials
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): K.P. Santhosh, Indu SukumaranAbstractThe alpha decay half-lives of Hg isotopes within the range A=171–212 have been studied using 25 different versions of nuclear potentials to select the suitable form of nuclear potential for alpha decay studies. The computed standard deviations suggested that the apt potential is BW 91 with a deviation 0.133. The next low deviation is shown by Proximity 1966, Proximity 1984, and Proximity 2003-I, II with deviations less than 0.2. Concerning other potentials, the fact we observed is that almost ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - September 8, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Cultural heritage investigations using cosmic muons
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Sara Vanini, Fabio Ambrosino, Lorenzo Bonechi, Germano Bonomi, Paolo Checchia, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Giancarlo Nebbia, Giulio Saracino, Aldo Zenoni, Gianni ZumerleAbstractCosmic rays are a constant, free source of radiation that can be exploited in various ways to probe heavy and extended objects. Analyzed with proper detection systems, they can produce radiographic as well as tomographic images of bulky materials. Several applications have been proposed, in particular in the domain of security checks, and some are presently fielde...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - August 24, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Artificial gauge fields in materials and engineered systems
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Monika Aidelsburger, Sylvain Nascimbene, Nathan GoldmanAbstractArtificial gauge fields are currently realized in a wide range of physical settings. This includes solid-state devices but also engineered systems, such as photonic crystals, ultracold gases and mechanical setups. It is the aim of this review to offer, for the first time, a unified view on these various forms of artificial electromagnetic fields and spin–orbit couplings for matter and light. This topical review provides a general introduction to the universal concept of...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - August 14, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Applications of synchrotron X-ray nano-probes in the field of cultural heritage
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Marine Cotte, Anaïs Genty-Vincent, Koen Janssens, Jean SusiniAbstractSynchrotron-based techniques are increasingly used in the field of cultural heritage, and this review focuses notably on the application of nano-beams to access high-spatial-resolution information on fragments sampled in historical or model artworks. Depending on the targeted information, various nano-analytical techniques can be applied, providing both identification and localization of the various components. More precisely, nano-X-ray fluorescence probes element...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - August 13, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Application of the pair distribution function analysis for the study of cultural heritage materials
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): Pierre BordetAbstractThe study of cultural heritage objects represents a challenge for materials sciences, because of their intrinsic complexity as well as because of their rare and precious nature, which requires the use of non-destructive methods. One of the major difficulties encountered by the methods of structural analysis of these materials is the presence of mixtures of crystallized and amorphous phases, the conventional methods of crystallography being poorly adapted to the latter. Here we present the Pair Distribution Function...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - July 31, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
Quantum simulation of zero-temperature quantum phases and incompressible states of light via non-Markovian reservoir engineering techniques
Publication date: Available online 25 July 2018Source: Comptes Rendus PhysiqueAuthor(s): José Lebreuilly, Iacopo CarusottoAbstractWe review recent theoretical developments on the stabilization of strongly correlated quantum fluids of light in driven-dissipative photonic devices through novel non-Markovian reservoir engineering techniques. This approach allows one to compensate losses and refill selectively the photonic population so as to sustain a desired steady state. It relies in particular on the use of a frequency-dependent incoherent pump, which can be implemented, e.g., via embedded two-level systems maintained at ...
Source: Comptes Rendus Physique - July 25, 2018 Category: Physics Source Type: research
