Reliability of an automatic classifier for brain enlarged perivascular spaces burden and comparison with human performance
In the brain, enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) relate to cerebral small vessel disease, poor cognition, inflammation and hypertension. We propose a fully automatic scheme that uses a support vector machine(SVM) to classify the burden of PVS in the basal ganglia(BG) region as low or high. We assess the performance of three different types of descriptors extracted from the BG region in T2-weighted MRI images: 1)statistics obtained from Wavelet transform's coefficients, 2)local binary patterns and 3)bag of visual words (BoW)-based descriptors characterising local keypoints obtained from a dense grid with the scale-invariant...
Source: Clinical Science - May 3, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Gonzalez-Castro, V., Valdes-Hernandez, M. d. C., chappell, f., Armitage, P. A., Makin, S., Wardlaw, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Insulin resistance promotes Lysyl Oxidase Like 2 induction and fibrosis accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Conclusions: IR favors fibrosis deposition independently of the classic "inflammation - HSC trans-differentiation" pathway. The mechanism entails a cross-talk between enhanced lipotoxicity in insulin resistant hepatocytes and Loxl2 production by HSCs, which was confirmed in patients with diabetes, thereby facilitating extracellular matrix stabilization. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - May 3, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dongiovanni, P., Meroni, M., Baselli, G. A., Bassani, G. A., Rametta, R., Pietrelli, A., Maggioni, M., Facciotti, F., Trunzo, V., Badiali, S., Fargion, S., Gatti, S., Valenti, L. V. C. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
ER-stress-dependent microparticles derived from smooth muscle cells promote endothelial dysfunction during thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that elevated mechanical stretch induced MPs formation in SMCs leading to endothelial dysfunction, which is ER stress-dependent. ER stress inhibition suppressed ECs apoptosis, inflammation in aorta and TAAD development. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - May 3, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jia, L., Zhang, W.-M., Li, T.-T., Liu, Y., Piao, C.-M., Ma, Y.-C., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, T.-T., Qi, Y.-F., Du, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
High phosphate induces a pro-inflammatory response by vascular smooth muscle cells. Modulation by vitamin D derivatives
In chronic kidney disease patients, high phosphate (HP) levels are associated to cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Since serum phosphate has been independently correlated with inflammation, the present study aimed to investigate an independent direct effect of HP as a pro-inflammatory factor in VSMCs. A possible modulatory effect of vitamin D was also investigated. The study was performed in an in vitro model of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Incubation of cells in a HP (3.3 mM) medium caused an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, ...
Source: Clinical Science - April 25, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Martinez-Moreno, J. M., Herencia, C., Montes de Oca, A., Diaz-Tocados, J. M., Vergara, N., Gomez, M. J., Lopez-Arguello, S. D., Camargo, A., Peralbo-Santaella, E., Rodriguez-Ortiz, M. E., CANALEJO, A., Rodriguez, M., Munoz-Castaneda, J. J., Yolanda Almade Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
DJ-1 overexpression restores ischaemic post-conditioning-mediated cardioprotection in diabetic rats：role of autophagy
IPO (Ischaemic post-conditioning) is a promising method of alleviating myocardial IR (ischaemia -reperfusion) injury; however, IPO-mediated cardioprotection is lost in diabetic hearts via mechanisms that remain largely unclear. We hypothesized that decreased cardiac expression of DJ-1, a positive modulator of autophagy, compromises the effectiveness of IPO-induced cardioprotection in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats subjected to myocardial IR (30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion) exhibited more severe myocardial injury, less cardiac autophagy, lower DJ-1 expression and AMPK (adenosine monopho...
Source: Clinical Science - April 20, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhou, B., Lei, S., Xue, R., Leng, Y., Xia, Z., Xia, Z.-y. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Skin-derived precursors from human subjects with type-2 diabetes yield dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle cells.
Conclusion: Skin biopsies from older adults yield sufficient SKPs to differentiate VSMCs, which reveal abnormal phenotypes of T2D that survive differentiation and persist even after long-term normoglycemic culture. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - April 19, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Steinbach, S. K., Yau, T. M., Ouzounian, M., Abdel-Qadir, H., Chandy, M., Waddell, T., Husain, M. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
The association between etanercept serum concentration and psoriasis severity is highly age-dependent
The association between etanercept serum concentration and psoriasis disease severity is poorly investigated and currently etanercept serum concentration monitoring aiming to optimize psoriasis treatment lacks evidence. In this prospective study, we investigated the relation between etanercept exposure and disease severity via measuring etanercept concentrations at five consecutive time points in 56 psoriasis patients. Disease severity assessments included the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA), and etanercept and anti-etanercept antibody concentrations w...
Source: Clinical Science - April 18, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Detrez, I., Van Steen, K., Segaert, S., Gils, A. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
DJ-1 overexpression restores ischaemic post-conditioning-mediated cardioprotection in diabetic rats：role of autophagy
IPO (Ischaemic post-conditioning) is a promising method of alleviating myocardial IR (ischaemia -reperfusion) injury; however, IPO-mediated cardioprotection is lost in diabetic hearts via mechanisms that remain largely unclear. We hypothesized that decreased cardiac expression of DJ-1, a positive modulator of autophagy, compromises the effectiveness of IPO-induced cardioprotection in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats subjected to myocardial IR (30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion) exhibited more severe myocardial injury, less cardiac autophagy, lower DJ-1 expression and AMPK (adenosine monopho...
Source: Clinical Science - April 12, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhou, B., Lei, S., Xue, R., Leng, Y., Xia, Z., Xia, Z.-y. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
High serum thrombospondin-1 concentration is associated with slower abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and deficiency promotes angiotensin-II induced aneurysm in mice
In this study, the association of serum TSP-1 concentration with AAA progression was assessed in 276 men that underwent repeat ultrasound for a median 5.5 years. AAA growth was negatively correlated with serum TSP-1 concentration ( Spearman's rho -0.129, P=0.033 ). Men with TSP-1 in the highest quartile had a reduced likelihood of AAA growth greater than median during follow-up (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.84, P=0.016 , adjusted for other risk factors). Immunohistochemical staining for TSP-1 was reduced in AAA body tissues compared to the relatively normal AAA neck. To further assess the role of TSP-1 in AAA progression, comb...
Source: Clinical Science - April 6, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Krishna, S. M., seto, S., Jose, R., Li, J., Moxon, J. V., Clancy, P., Crossman, D. J., Norman, P. E., Emeto, T. I., Golledge, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Prior exercise and standing as strategies to circumvent sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction
In conclusion, prolonged sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction can be prevented by prior aerobic exercise. In addition, in the absence of exercise, standing represents an effective substitute to sitting for preserving leg conduit artery endothelial function. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - April 6, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Morishima, T., Restaino, R. M., Walsh, L. K., Kanaley, J. A., Padilla, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) promotes airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
This study suggests that elevated NGAL promotes COPD airway remodelling possibly through altered EMT. NGAL may be a potential target for reversing airway obstruction and remodelling in COPD. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - April 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wang, Y., Jia, M., Yan, X., Cao, L., Barnes, P. J., Adcock, I. M., Huang, M., Yao, X. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
High serum thrombospondin-1 concentration is associated with slower abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and deficiency promotes angiotensin-II induced aneurysm in mice
In this study, the association of serum TSP-1 concentration with AAA progression was assessed in 276 men that underwent repeat ultrasound for a median 5.5 years. AAA growth was negatively correlated with serum TSP-1 concentration ( Spearman's rho -0.129, P=0.033 ). Men with TSP-1 in the highest quartile had a reduced likelihood of AAA growth greater than median during follow-up (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.84, P=0.016 , adjusted for other risk factors). Immunohistochemical staining for TSP-1 was reduced in AAA body tissues compared to the relatively normal AAA neck. To further assess the role of TSP-1 in AAA progression, comb...
Source: Clinical Science - March 31, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Krishna, S., seto, S., Jose, R., Li, J., Moxon, J. V., Clancy, P., Crossman, D. J., Norman, P. E., Emeto, T. I., Golledge, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-derived hydrogen peroxide effect in grafts used in human coronary bypass surgery
Recently, H2O2 has been identified as the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), which mediates flow-induced dilation in human coronary arteries. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is expressed in the cardiovascular system and besides NO, generates H2O2. The role of nNOS-derived H2O2 in human vessels is so far unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the relevance of nNOS/H2O2 signaling in human internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV), the major conduits used in coronary artery bypass grafting. In IMA, but not in SV, ACh-induced vasod...
Source: Clinical Science - March 30, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Endlich, P. W., Aires, R. D., Goncalves, R. L., Costa, E. D., Angelo, J. d. P. A., Alves, L. F., Silva, R. F. d., Rezende, B. A., Cortes, S. F., Lemos, V. S. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
A role for Galectin-3 in the development of early molecular alterations in short-term aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by pressure overload and causes left ventricular (LV) fibrosis and inflammation, two mechanisms which finally lead to cardiac dysfunction. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, promotes cardiac remodeling. We herein investigated the role of Gal-3 in LV remodeling in patients with AS and the effects of Gal-3 blockade in rats subjected to short-term (6-week) supravalvular aortic banding (AS group). Myocardial biopsies were obtained from 25 patients with severe AS referred for aortic valve replacement and from necropsies of 11 cardiovascular disease-free contr...
Source: Clinical Science - March 30, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Arrieta, V., Martinez-Martinez, E., Ibarrola, J., Alvarez, V., Sadaba, R. J., Garcia-Pena, A., Fernandez-Celis, A., Cachofeiro, V., Rossignol, P., Lopez-Andres, N. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Vascular basement membrane alterations and {beta}-amyloid accumulations in an animal model of cerebral small vessel disease
Non-amyloid cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) may be interrelated by the damaged basement membranes (BMs) and extracellular matrix changes of small vessels, resulting in a failure of β-amyloid (Aβ) transport and degradation. We analysed BM changes and the pattern of deposition of Aβ in the walls of blood vessels in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), a non-transgenic CSVD model. In 45 SHRSP and 38 Wistar rats aged 18 to 32 weeks 1) the percentage area immunostained for vascular collagen IV and laminin was quantified, 2) the capillary BM thi...
Source: Clinical Science - March 27, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Held, F., Morris, A. W. J., Pirici, D., Niklass, S., Sharp, M. M. G., Garz, C., Assmann, A., Heinze, H.-J., Schreiber, F., Carare, R. O., Schreiber, S. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
