Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 protects rats against obese-insulin resistance-induced kidney injury and impaired renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) function
In conclusion, probiotic supplementation alleviated kidney inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis, leading to improved kidney function and renal Oat3 function in obese rats. These benefits involve the attenuation of hyperlipidemia, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. This study also suggested the idea of remote sensing and signaling system between gut and kidney by which probiotic might facilitate renal handling of gut microbiota products through the improvement of Oat3 function. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - July 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wanchai, K., Yasom, S., Tunapong, W., Chunchai, T., Eaimworawuthikul, S., Thiennimitr, P., Chaiyasut, C., Pongchaidecha, A., Chatsudthipong, V., Chattipakorn, S., Chattipakorn, N., Lungkaphin, A. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Immunoproteasomes as a novel antiviral mechanism in rhinovirus-infected airways
Rhinovirus (RV) infection is involved in acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RV primarily infects upper and lower airway epithelium. Immunoproteasomes (IP) are proteolytic machineries with multiple functions including the regulation of MHC class I antigen processing during viral infection. However, the role of IP in RV infection has not been explored. We sought to investigate the expression and function of IP during airway RV infection. Primary human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with RV16, RV1B or IFN-l in the absence or pres...
Source: Clinical Science - July 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Dimasuay, K. G., Sanchez, A., Schaefer, N., Polanco, J., Ferrington, D. A., Chu, H. W. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Adrenergic- and non-adrenergically-mediated human adipose tissue lipolysis during acute exercise and exercise training
Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction, in particular subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) lipolysis, is characterized by catecholamine resistance and impaired ANP responsiveness. It remains unknown whether exercise training improves (non-)adrenergically-mediated lipolysis in metabolically compromised conditions. We investigated the effect of local combined α-/β-adrenoceptor blockade on abdominal SCAT lipolysis in lean insulin sensitive (IS, n=10), obese IS (n=10) and obese insulin resistant (IR, n=10) men. Obese men participated in a 12-week exercise training intervention to determine the effects on SCAT lipo...
Source: Clinical Science - July 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Verboven, K., Stinkens, R., Hansen, D., Wens, I., Frederix, I., Eijnde, B. O., Jocken, J. W., Goossens, G. H., Blaak, E. E. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Validity of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy humans
Conclusion: Oxford equation is a valid alternative to predict RMR in healthy adult humans. Gas exchange correction appears a good practice for reliable assessment of RMR. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - July 2, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Galgani, J. E., Castro-Sepulveda, M., Perez-Luco, C., Fernandez-Verdejo, R. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
The renal protect function of erythropoietin after releasing of bilateral ureteral obstruction in a rat model
In conclusion, EPO could promote the recovery of renal function and AQP2 expression in BUO-R rats which may partially associate with its anti-inflammation effect. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - June 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ren, C. C., Wang, Q. W., Lu, Y. T., Wang, Y., Zhu, W., Zhang, G. X., Xie, J. F., Zhang, T., Wu, J. W., Jia, Z. M., Su, Z. Q., Wen, J. G. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Adenylyl cyclase 6 is required for maintaining acid-base homeostasis
In conclusion, AC6 is required for maintaining normal acid-base homeostasis and energy expenditure. Under baseline conditions renal AC6 is redundant for acid-base balance but becomes important under alkaline conditions. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - June 25, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Poulsen, S. B., Marin De Evsikova, C., Murali, S. K., Praetorius, J., Chern, Y., Fenton, R. A., Rieg, T. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Amino acid and lipid associated plasma metabolomic patterns are related to healthspan indicators with aging in humans
Advancing age is associated with impairments in numerous physiological systems, leading to an increased risk of chronic disease and disability, and reduced healthspan (the period of high functioning healthy life). The plasma metabolome is thought to reflect changes in the activity of physiological systems that influence healthspan. Accordingly, we utilized an LC-MS metabolomics analysis of plasma collected from healthy young and older individuals to characterize global changes in small molecule abundances with age. Using a weighted gene correlation network analysis, similarly expressed metabolites were grouped into modules...
Source: Clinical Science - June 18, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Johnson, L. C., Martens, C. R., Santos-Parker, J. R., Bassett, C. J., Strahler, T. R., Cruickshank-Quinn, C., Reisdorph, N., McQueen, M. B., Seals, D. R. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
HMGB1-induced autophagy facilitates hepatic stellate cells activation: a new pathway in liver fibrosis
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays a context-dependent role in autophagy, which is required for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. However, the significance of HMGB1-induced HSCs autophagy in liver fibrosis has not been elucidated. Here, we first documented an enrichment of peripheral and intra-hepatic HMGB1 signal in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver fibrosis progression, and presented the direct evidence of anatomic proximity of HMGB1 with a-SMA (a marker for HSCs activation) in cirrhotic liver specimens. Then, we demonstrated the autophagy-inducing effects by serum-sourced HMGB1 in both primary murine HS...
Source: Clinical Science - June 15, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Li, J., Zeng, C., Zheng, B., Liu, C., Tang, M., Jiang, Y., Chang, Y., Song, W., Wang, Y., Yang, C. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Central administration of TRV027 improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
This study evaluates the effect of central infusion of TRV027 on arterial pressure (AP), autonomic function, baroreflex sensitivity and peripheral vascular reactivity. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with TRV027 for 14 days (20 ng/hour) delivered to the lateral ventricle via osmotic minipumps. Mechanistic studies were performed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with AT1R and angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) treated with TRV027 (100 nM) or Ang-II (100 nM). TRV027 infusion in SHR reduced AP (~20 mmHg, p <0.05), sympathetic vasomotor activity (MAP = -47.2 ±2.8 vs. ...
Source: Clinical Science - June 14, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Carvalho-Galvao, A., Ogunlade, B., Xu, J., Silva-Alves, C. R. A., Mendes-Junior, L. G., Guimaraes, D. D., Cruz, J. C., Queiroz, T. M., Balarini, C. M., Braga, V. A., Filipeanu, C. M., Lazartigues, E., Franca-Silva, M. S. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
The preventive and therapeutic implication for renal fibrosis by targeting TGF-{beta}/Smad3 signaling
In conclusion, results from this study suggest that targeting Smad3 may be a specific and effective therapy for renal fibrosis. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - June 6, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhang, Y., Meng, X.-M., Huang, X.-R., Lan, H. Y. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Impact of PEGylation on the mucolytic activity of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in cystic fibrosis sputum
Highly viscous mucus and its impaired clearance characterize the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pulmonary secretions of patients with CF display increased concentrations of high molecular weight components such as DNA and actin. Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) delivered by inhalation cleaves DNA filaments contained in respiratory secretions and thins them. However, rapid clearance of rhDNase from the lungs implies a daily administration and thereby a high therapy burden and a reduced patient compliance. A PEGylated version of rhDNase could sustain the presence of the protein within the lungs a...
Source: Clinical Science - June 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Guichard, M.-J., Kinoo, D., Aubriot, A.-S., Bauwens, N., Gougue, J., Vermeulen, F., Lebecque, P., Leal, T., Vanbever, R. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Gemcitabine resistance mediated by ribonucleotide reductase M2 in lung squamous cell carcinoma is reversed by GW8510 through autophagy induction
In conclusions, GW8510 can reverses gemcitabine resistance in LSCC cells through RRM2 downregulation-mediated autophagy induction, and GW850 may be a promising therapeutic agent against LSCC as it combined with gemcitabine. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - May 31, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chen, P., Wu, J.-N., Shu, Y., Jiang, H.-G., Zhao, X.-H., Qian, H., Chen, K., Lan, T., Chen, C.-G., Li, J. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Prorenin independently causes hypertension and renal and cardiac fibrosis in cyp1a1-prorenin transgenic rats
In this study, a transgenic, inducible, hepatic prorenin-overexpressing rat model was generated and the effect of prorenin in organ injury was examined. Four groups of rats (cyp1a1 prorenin transgenic male and female rats and nontransgenic littermates) were assigned to receive a diet containing 0.3% of the transgene inducer indole-3-carbinol (I3C) for 4 weeks. Plasma prorenin concentration was increased and MAP increased from 80±18 to 138±17 (mmHg), whereas renal prorenin/renin protein expression was unchanged, in transgenic rats fed with I3C diet. The intact prorenin, not renin, in plasma and urine samples w...
Source: Clinical Science - May 30, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhou, G., Wu, J., Gu, C., Wang, B., Abel, E. D., Cheung, A. K., Huang, Y. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
Targeted inhibition of CD74 attenuates adipose COX-2-MIF-mediated M1 macrophage polarization and retards obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance
This study suggested that COX-2-mediated MIF secretion through NFB activation from hypertrophic and hypoxic adipocytes as well as M1 macrophages might substantially contribute to the phenotypic switch of AT macrophages through CD74 in obesity. Inhibition of CD74 could attenuate AT inflammation and insulin resistance in the development of HF diet-induced obesity. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chan, P.-C., Wu, T.-N., Chen, Y.-C., Lu, C.-H., Wabitsch, M., Tian, Y.-F., Hsieh, P.-S. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
High {alpha}-Tocopherol dosing increases lipid metabolism by changing redox state in damaged rat gastric mucosa and liver after ethanol treatment
In conclusion, this study shows for the first time the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptive cell gastric mucosa changes that drive proliferation after a chronic insult. Moreover, α-tocopherol increased gastric mucosa utilization of palmitic acid associated with energy production. These events could be associated with its antioxidant properties in coordination with regulation of genes and cell pathways, including changes in the cell NAD/NADH redox state. (Source: Clinical Science)
Source: Clinical Science - May 17, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Olguin-Martinez, M., Hernandez-Espinosa, D. R., Hernandez-Munoz, R. Tags: PublishAheadOfPrint Source Type: research
