Perivascular adipose tissue and vascular disease.
This article describes the anatomy and pathophysiology of perivascular adipose tissue and the experimental evidence supporting its local adverse effect on the vasculature. Methods for quantifying perivascular adipose tissue in free-living populations will be described. Finally, the epidemiological literature demonstrating an association between perivascular adipose tissue and cardiometabolic disease will be explored.
PMID: 21686058 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Variations in lipid levels according to menstrual cycle phase: clinical implications.
Authors: Mumford SL, Dasharathy S, Pollack AZ, Schisterman EF
Abstract
Understanding variations in lipoprotein cholesterol levels throughout the menstrual cycle is important because there may be clinical implications regarding the appropriate timing of measurement and implications on the design and interpretation of studies in women of reproductive age. Our objective was to review the evidence comparing lipoprotein cholesterol levels throughout the menstrual cycle among premenopausal women. Overall, lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed to vary in response to changing estrogen levels. Taken together...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Modulation of dendritic cell function by PGE2 and DHA: a framework for understanding the role of dendritic cells in neuroinflammation.
Authors: Ganea D, Kocieda V, Kong W, Yen JH
Abstract
Neuroinflammation characterizes various neurological disorders. Peripheral immune cells and CNS-resident glia contribute to neuroinflammation and impact CNS degeneration, recovery and regeneration. Recently, the role of dendritic cells in neuroinflammation received special attention. The function of infiltrating immune cells and resident glia is affected by various factors, including lipid mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-6 arachidonic acid and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant in the CNS, play an important role in neu...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
This article will address the many ways in which MTP is regulated and advance the idea that reducing MTP levels, rather than its inhibition, might be an option to lower plasma lipids.
PMID: 21808658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Associations of BMI and its fat-free and fat components with blood lipids in children: Project HeartBeat!
CONCLUSION: Greater BMI was related to adverse levels of blood lipids in children and adolescents, which was mainly attributable to BMI's fat component. It is important to identify weight management strategies to halt the childhood obesity epidemic and subsequently prevent heart disease in adulthood.
PMID: 21818183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Authors: Alkhouri N, Carter-Kent C, Elias M, Feldstein AE
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now regarded as the most common form of chronic liver disease in adults and children. The close association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the metabolic syndrome has been extensively described. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggest that NAFLD by itself confers a substantial cardiovascular risk independent of the other components of the metabolic syndrome. Given the significant potential for morbidity and mortality in these patients, and the large proportion of both pediatric a...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Clinical applications of advanced lipoprotein testing in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Moin DS, Rohatgi A
Abstract
Traditional lipid profiles often fail to fully explain the elevated cardiovascular risk of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Advanced lipoprotein testing offers a novel means to evaluate dyslipidemia and refine risk estimation. Numerous observational studies have demonstrated a characteristic pattern of elevated levels of small, dense LDL particles, out of proportion to traditional lipid levels, in patients with both diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Commonly used glucose and lipid-lowering agents have varied effects in patients with diabetes on both LDL a...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic acid effects on atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Authors: Cui MZ
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been found to accumulate in high concentrations in atherosclerotic lesions. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid produced by activated platelets and formed during the oxidation of LDL. Accumulating evidence suggests that this lipid mediator may serve as an important risk factor for development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The role of LPA in atherogenesis is supported by the evidence that LPA: stimulates endothelial cells to produce adhesion molecules and chemoattractants; induces smooth muscle cells to produce inflammatory cytokines; stimulates smoo...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Management of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients.
Authors: Malvestutto CD, Aberg JA
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically increased survival for HIV-infected individuals. As this population lives longer, coronary heart disease has become an important comorbid condition. Dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals is a complex condition, with multiple contributing factors including the HIV virus itself, individual genetic characteristics and antiretroviral therapy-induced metabolic changes. Effective management of dyslipidemia in this population is essential to reduce cardiovascular risk but presents multiple challenges due to interactions between ...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
The juvenile Batten disease protein, CLN3, and its role in regulating anterograde and retrograde post-Golgi trafficking.
Authors: Cotman SL, Staropoli JF
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in CLN3 are responsible for juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, which is an incurable lysosomal disease that manifests with vision loss, followed by seizures and progressive neurodegeneration, robbing children of motor skills, speech and cognition, and eventually leading to death in the second or third decade of life. Emerging clinical evidence points to JNCL pathology outside of the CNS, including the cardiovascular system. The CLN3 gene encodes an unusual transmembrane protein, CLN3 or battenin, whos...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Therapeutic potential of cyclodextrins in the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease.
Authors: Liu B
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral lipid and storage disorder characterized by abnormal sequestration of unesterified cholesterol within the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of all cells in the body. This disease primarily affects children and is characterized by hepatic and pulmonary dysfunction, neurodegeneration and death at an early age. Currently, there is no effective treatment for NPC disease. It was recently discovered that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPBCD), when administered systemically to a murine model of either NPC1 or N...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
LDL lowering in peripheral arterial disease: are there benefits beyond reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality?
Authors: Pollak AW, Kramer CM
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease affecting the lower extremities is associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular events and reduced functional capacity due to claudication. There is abundant evidence to support the role of lipid lowering with statins in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Over the last 10 years, multiple studies have been designed to test the theory that LDL C lowering with statins could result in improved exercise performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. However, this remains an acti...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Testosterone, HDL and cardiovascular risk in men: the jury is still out.
Authors: Rubinow KB, Page ST
Abstract
"Even when reductions in HDL-cholesterol are observed as a consequence of androgen therapy, the implications for cardiovascular risk modification remain highly uncertain."
PMID: 25379057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Hepatobiliary transport in health and disease.
This article reviews the physiological roles of these canalicular transporters, and the pathophysiological processes and clinical features associated with their mutations.
PMID: 22859919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and lipid homeostasis: translational evidence from murine models and children.
Authors: Bhattacharjee R, Hakim F, Gozal D
Abstract
Impaired sleep, particularly in the context of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is associated with a vast array of comorbidities, including obesity. It is well known that the etiology of obesity is both complex and multifactorial. Recent trends have shown that obesity rates have risen at an alarming rate in children, and this has likely contributed to an increased prevalence of SDB in children. Like the 'chicken and the egg' hypothesis, the temporal relationship of obesity and SDB is unclear but it is speculated that these two conditions converge to prom...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
