Mitonuclear Mate Choice: A Missing Component of Sexual Selection Theory?
BioEssays,Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2018. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Are There Really Too Many Eukaryote LGTs? A Reply To William Martin
BioEssays,Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2018. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
The Eukaryotic CMG Helicase at the Replication Fork: Emerging Architecture Reveals an Unexpected Mechanism
BioEssays,Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2018. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
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BioEssays,Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2018. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Are There Really Too Many Eukaryote LGTs? A Reply To William Martin
(Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Luis Boto Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Mitonuclear Mate Choice: A Missing Component of Sexual Selection Theory?
The fitness of a eukaryote hinges on the coordinated function of the products of its nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in achieving oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). I propose that sexual selection plays a key role in the maintenance of mitonuclear coadaptation across generations because it enables pre‐zygotic sorting for coadapted mitonuclear genotypes. At each new generation, sexual reproduction creates new combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and the potential arises for mitonuclear incompatibilities and reduced fitness. In reviewing the literature, I hypothesize that individuals engaged in mate choice s...
Source: BioEssays - February 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Geoffrey E. Hill Tags: Insights & Perspectives Source Type: research
Oncogenesis as a Selective Force: Adaptive Evolution in the Face of a Transmissible Cancer
Similar to parasites, malignant cells exploit the host for energy, resources and protection, thereby impairing host health and fitness. Although cancer is widespread in the animal kingdom, its impact on life history traits and strategies have rarely been documented. Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a transmissible cancer, afflicting Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), provides an ideal model system to monitor the impact of cancer on host life‐history, and to elucidate the evolutionary arms‐race between malignant cells and their hosts. Here we provide an overview of parasite‐induced host life history (LH) adap...
Source: BioEssays - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tracey Russell, Thomas Madsen, Fr édéric Thomas, Nynke Raven, Rodrigo Hamede, Beata Ujvari Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Cytosolic N ‐Glycans: Triggers for Ubiquitination Directing Proteasomal and Autophagic Degradation
Proteins on the cell surface and secreted proteins are modified with sugar chains that generate and modulate biological complexity and diversity. Sugar chains not only contribute physically to the conformation and solubility of proteins, but also exert various functions via sugar‐binding proteins (lectins) that reside on the cell surface or in organelles of the secretory pathway. However, some glycosidases and lectins are found in the cytosol or nucleus. Recent studies of cytosolic sugar–related molecules have revealed that sugar chains on proteins in the cytosol act as signals of adverse cellular conditions. In this r...
Source: BioEssays - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yukiko Yoshida, Keiji Tanaka Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Microtubule Inner Proteins: A Meshwork of Luminal Proteins Stabilizing the Doublet Microtubule
Motile eukaryotic cilia and flagella are hair‐like organelles responsible for cell motility and mucociliary clearance. Using cryo‐electron tomography, it has been shown that the doublet microtubule, the cytoskeleton core of the cilia and flagella, has microtubule inner protein structures binding periodically inside its lumen. More recently, single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy analyses of isolated doublet microtubules have shown that microtubule inner proteins form a meshwork inside the doublet microtubule. High‐resolution structures revealed new types of interactions between the microtubule inner proteins an...
Source: BioEssays - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Muneyoshi Ichikawa, Khanh Huy Bui Tags: Review Essays Source Type: research
Reactive Oxygen Species: Radical Factors in the Evolution of Animal Life
Introduction of O2 to Earth's early biosphere stimulated remarkable evolutionary adaptations, and a wide range of electron acceptors allowed diverse, energy‐yielding metabolic pathways. Enzymatic reduction of O2 yielded a several‐fold increase in energy production, enabling evolution of multi‐cellular animal life. However, utilization of O2 also presented major challenges as O2 and many of its derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic, possibly impeding multicellular evolution after the Great Oxidation Event. Remarkably, ROS, and especially hydrogen peroxide, seem to play a major part in early diversific...
Source: BioEssays - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yannick J. Taverne, Daphne Merkus, Ad J. Bogers, Barry Halliwell, Dirk J. Duncker, Timothy W. Lyons Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
The Eukaryotic CMG Helicase at the Replication Fork: Emerging Architecture Reveals an Unexpected Mechanism
The eukaryotic helicase is an 11‐subunit machine containing an Mcm2‐7 motor ring that encircles DNA, Cdc45 and the GINS tetramer, referred to as CMG (Cdc45, Mcm2‐7, GINS). CMG is “built” on DNA at origins in two steps. First, two Mcm2‐7 rings are assembled around duplex DNA at origins in G1 phase, forming the Mcm2‐7 “double hexamer.” In a second step, in S phase Cdc45 and GINS are assembled onto each Mcm2‐7 ring, hence producing two CMGs that ultimately form two replication forks that travel in opposite directions. Here, we review recent findings about CMG structure and function. The CMG unwinds the par...
Source: BioEssays - February 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Huilin Li, Michael E. O'Donnell Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Bone Marrow Micro ‐Environment in Normal and Deranged Hematopoiesis: Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine and Therapies
Various cell types cooperate to create a highly organized and dynamic micro‐environmental niche in the bone marrow. Over the past several years, the field has increasingly recognized the critical roles of the interplay between bone marrow environment and hematopoietic cells in normal and deranged hematopoiesis. These advances rely on several new technologies that have allowed us to characterize the identity and roles of these niches in great detail. Here, we review the progress of the last several years, list some of the outstanding questions in the field and propose ways to target the diseased environment to better trea...
Source: BioEssays - January 31, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shawn M. Sarkaria, Matthew Decker, Lei Ding Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Bone Marrow Micro ‐Environment in Normal and Deranged Hematopoiesis: Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine and Therapies
BioEssays,Volume 40, Issue 3, March 2018. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - January 31, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
