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BioEssays, Ahead of Print. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
The Rise of the Cartwheel: Seeding the Centriole Organelle
The cartwheel is a striking structure critical for building the centriole, a microtubule‐based organelle fundamental for organizing centrosomes, cilia, and flagella. Over the last 50 years, the cartwheel has been described in many systems using electron microscopy, but the molecular nature of its constituent building blocks and their assembly mechanisms have long remained mysterious. Here, we review discoveries that led to the current understanding of cartwheel structure, assembly, and function. We focus on the key role of SAS‐6 protein self‐organization, both for building the signature ring‐like structure with hub...
Source: BioEssays - March 6, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Paul Guichard, Virginie Hamel, Pierre G önczy Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
DNA Conformation Regulates Gene Expression: The MYC Promoter and Beyond
BioEssays, EarlyView. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
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BioEssays, Ahead of Print. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 5, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Replicating and Cycling Stores of Information Perpetuate Life
BioEssays, EarlyView. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
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BioEssays, Ahead of Print. (Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research
Demystifying Eukaryote Lateral Gene Transfer (Response to Martin 2017 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700115)
In a recent BioEssays paper [W. F. Martin, BioEssays 2017, 39, 1700115], William Martin sharply criticizes evolutionary interpretations that involve lateral gene transfer (LGT) into eukaryotic genomes. Most published examples of LGTs in eukaryotes, he suggests, are in fact contaminants, ancestral genes that have been lost from other extant lineages, or the result of artefactual phylogenetic inferences. Martin argues that, except for transfers that occurred from endosymbiotic organelles, eukaryote LGT is insignificant. Here, in reviewing this field, we seek to correct some of the misconceptions presented therein with regard...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Michelle M. Leger, Laura Eme, Courtney W. Stairs, Andrew J. Roger Tags: Insights & Perspectives Source Type: research
The Value of a Journal club: Conditioning Around Food, Drink and Socializing!
(Source: BioEssays)
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Andrew Moore Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Loss and Rebirth of the Animal Microtubule Organizing Center: How Maternal Expression of Centrosomal Proteins Cooperates with the Sperm Centriole in Zygotic Centrosome Reformation
Centrosomes are the main microtubule organizing centers in animal cells. In particular during embryogenesis, they ensure faithful spindle formation and proper cell divisions. As metazoan centrosomes are eliminated during oogenesis, they have to be reassembled upon fertilization. Most metazoans use the sperm centrioles as templates for new centrosome biogenesis while the egg's cytoplasm re‐prepares all components for on‐going centrosome duplication in rapidly dividing embryonic cells. We discuss our knowledge and the experimental challenges to analyze zygotic centrosome reformation, which requires genetic experiments to...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Daigo Inoue, Joachim Wittbrodt, Oliver J. Gruss Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Lipoprotein Transport: Greasing the Machines of Outer Membrane Biogenesis
The Gram‐negative outer membrane (OM) is a potent permeability barrier against antibiotics, limiting clinical options amid mounting rates of resistance. The Lol transport pathway delivers lipoproteins to the OM. All the OM assembly machines require one or more OM lipoprotein to function, making the Lol pathway central for all aspects of OM biogenesis. The Lol pathways of many medically important species clearly deviate from the Escherichia coli paradigm, perhaps with implications for efforts to develop novel antibiotics. Moreover, recent work reveals the existence of an undiscovered alternate route for bringing lipoprote...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marcin Grabowicz Tags: Insights & Perspectives Source Type: research
Active Sleep Promotes Functional Connectivity in Developing Sensorimotor Networks
A ubiquitous feature of active (REM) sleep in mammals and birds is its relative abundance in early development. In rat pups across the first two postnatal weeks, active sleep promotes the expression of synchronized oscillatory activity within and between cortical and subcortical sensorimotor structures. Sensory feedback from self‐generated myoclonic twitches – which are produced exclusively during active sleep – also triggers neural oscillations in those structures. We have proposed that one of the functions of active sleep in early infancy is to provide a context for synchronizing developing structures. Spec...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Carlos Del Rio ‐Bermudez, Mark S. Blumberg Tags: Insights & Perspectives Source Type: research
DNA Conformation Regulates Gene Expression: The MYC Promoter and Beyond
Emerging evidence suggests that DNA topology plays an instructive role in cell fate control through regulation of gene expression. Transcription produces torsional stress, and the resultant supercoiling of the DNA molecule generates an array of secondary structures. In turn, local DNA architecture is harnessed by the cell, acting within sensory feedback mechanisms to mediate transcriptional output. MYC is a potent oncogene, which is upregulated in the majority of cancers; thus numerous studies have focused on detailed understanding of its regulation. Dissection of regulatory regions within the MYC promoter provided the fir...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Olga Zaytseva, Leonie M. Quinn Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Replicating and Cycling Stores of Information Perpetuate Life
Life is perpetuated through a single‐cell bottleneck between generations in many organisms. Here, I highlight that this cell holds information in two distinct stores: in the linear DNA sequence that is replicated during cell divisions, and in the three‐dimensional arrangement of molecules that can change during development but is recreated at the start of each generation. These two interdependent stores of information – one replicating with each cell division and the other cycling with a period of one generation – coevolve while perpetuating an organism. Unlike the genome sequence, the arrangement of molecules, inc...
Source: BioEssays - March 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Antony M. Jose Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
Advances in Structural Biology and the Application to Biological Filament Systems
Structural biology has experienced several transformative technological advances in recent years. These include: development of extremely bright X‐ray sources (microfocus synchrotron beamlines and free electron lasers) and the use of electrons to extend protein crystallography to ever decreasing crystal sizes; and an increase in the resolution attainable by cryo‐electron microscopy. Here we discuss the use of these techniques in general terms and highlight their application for biological filament systems, an area that is severely underrepresented in atomic resolution structures. We assemble a model of a capped tropomy...
Source: BioEssays - February 27, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: David Popp, Fujiet Koh, Clement P. M. Scipion, Umesh Ghoshdastider, Akihiro Narita, Kenneth C. Holmes, Robert C. Robinson Tags: Prospects & Overviews Source Type: research
