Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 
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Publication date: October 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 32, Issue 5Author(s): (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 16, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Pharmacology of medications used for ovarian stimulation
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Alexander M. Quaas, Richard S. LegroAbstractMedications to stimulate the ovaries may be used to induce ovulation in patients with anovulatory infertility or to hyperstimulate the ovaries in a controlled fashion in ovulatory patients as part of assisted reproductive treatments (ART).The pharmacology of all current major medications used to stimulate ovarian function is reviewed in this article, including letrozole, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, and pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone (G...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 14, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The role of Natural Cycle IVF in assisted reproduction
Publication date: Available online 9 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Michael von WolffAbstractNatural Cycle IVF (NC-IVF) with and without modifications is being increasingly performed. NC-IVF and conventional gonadotropin-stimulated IVF (cIVF) should not be understood as competing treatments, but as complementary treatments with different target groups and to some extent other indications. NC-IVF is particularly interesting for couples who wish to save money, wish a treatment with as few risks as possible for the woman who would like to avoid selection and cryopre...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 11, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Assisted reproduction in endometriosis
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Dominique de Ziegler, Paul Pirtea, Marie Carbonnel, Marine Poulain, Ettore Cicinelli, Carlo Bulletti, Konstantinos Kostaras, George Kontopoulos, David Keefe, Jean Marc AyoubiAbstractEndometriosis – a disease causing pain and infertility – is encountered in nearly 50% of infertile women. While medical treatment is effective on pain and recurrence of symptoms after surgical excision, it is of no help for treating infertility for which the only options considered are surgery and ART.Surgery enha...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Towards complication-free assisted reproduction technology
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Samuel Santos-Ribeiro, Shari Mackens, Annalisa Racca, Christophe BlockeelAbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has vastly improved over the last 40 years, from a frequently unsuccessful and complicated procedure requiring hospital admission and routine laparoscopy to a fairly simple outpatient technique with relatively high success rates. However, it is important to stress that ART is not without risk and medical complications may still occur. The incidence of most of these ART-related c...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Chromatin condensation, fragmentation of DNA and differences in the epigenetic signature of infertile men
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Monica Muratori, Christian De GeyterAbstractEpidemiological studies report an increase of pathologies of male reproductive tracts and suggest a link between this trend and the increased exposure of men to endocrine disruptors (EDs). The mechanisms by which EDs impact male fertility are far to be elucidated although DNA, chromatin and epigenome of spermatozoa appear to be relevant targets for these molecules. Indeed, many studies report associations between increased levels of sperm DNA fragmentat...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Cryostorage of testicular tissue and retransplantation of spermatogonial stem cells in the infertile male
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Marc Kanbar, Francesca di Michele, Christine WynsAbstractTransplantation of own cryostored spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is a promising technique for fertility restoration when the SSC pool has been depleted.In this regard, cryopreservation of pre-pubertal testicular tissue or SSCs suspensions before gonadotoxic therapies is ethically accepted and increasingly proposed.SSC transplantation has also been considered to treat other causes of infertility relying on the possibility of propagating SS...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Management of familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes: MEN1, MEN2, MEN4, HPT-Jaw tumour, Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, FHH, and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Eller-Vainicher Cristina, Falchetti AlbertoWhile primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) generally represents a common endocrine disorder, being the more frequent cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients, familial forms of PHPT (FPHPT) account for no more than 2–5% of the overall PHPT. In the last decades, many technical progresses in both molecular and biochemical-radiological evaluation have been made, and substantial advancements in understanding these disorders have been reached. Differences both...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 16, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Clinical presentation and management of hypoparathyroidism
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Gemma Marcucci, Luisella Cianferotti, Maria Luisa BrandiThe clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism are variable and can involve almost any organ system. The main clinical features of the hypoparathyroidism are typically signs or symptoms due to neuromuscular irritability owing to low serum calcium level. In addition to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia can contribute to long-term complications, including extra-skeletal calcifications. Bone turnover markers are generally decreased, and bone...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 11, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Barbara C. Silva, Natalie E. Cusano, John P. BilezikianAbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the most common cause of hypercalcemia, is most often identified in postmenopausal women with hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that are either frankly elevated or inappropriately normal. The clinical presentation of PHPT includes three phenotypes: target organ involvement of the renal and skeletal systems; mild asymptomatic hypercalcemia; and more recently, high PTH levels in the...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Postmenopausal osteoporosis: Assessment and management
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): René RizzoliOsteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, which are associated with increased mortality and lower quality of life. Patients with prevalent fracture are at high risk to of sustaining another one. Optimal protein and calcium intakes, and vitamin D supplies, together with regular weight bearing physical exercise are the corner stones of fracture prevention. Evidence for anti-fracture efficacy of pharmacological interventions relies on results from randomised controlled trials in p...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Management of familial Hyperparathyroid syndromes: MEN1, MEN2, HPT-Jaw tumour, FHH, neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism’
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Eller-Vainicher Cristina, Falchetti AlbertoAbstractWhile primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) generally represents a common endocrine disorder, being the more frequent cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients, familial forms of PHPT (FPHPT) account for no more than 2-5% of the overall PHPT. In the last decades, many technical progresses in both molecular and biochemical-radiological evaluation have been made, and substantial advancements in understanding these disorders have been reached. Difference...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Management of Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Natalie E. Cusano, Cristiana Cipriani, John P. BilezikianAbstractTraditional hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease. Patients with a history of nephrolithiasis or a suspected metabolic bone disease are increasingly being identified with elevated PTH concentrations in the setting of consistently normal serum and ionized calcium concentrations. In the absence of secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism, a diagnosis of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism is re...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Genetics of parathyroids disorders: overview
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Falchetti AlbertoAbstractSeveral familial forms of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHTP) have been discovered over the past 25 years, and molecular test for their risk assessment has been widely increasing. These syndromic and non-syndromic forms have received benefits from the identification of the responsible genes whose mutations account for the genetic susceptibility to develop parathyroid tumours as also other endocrine and nonendocrine tumours. In recent years, care options have been made av...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Non-surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Filomena Cetani, Federica Saponaro, Claudio MarcocciAbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to discuss the options available for patients with primary hyperparathyrodism (PHPT) not undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTx). Adequate hydration should be recommended in all patients. Calcium intake should not be restricted and vitamin D deficiency should be corrected aiming at a serum concentration of 25OHD of>20 ng/mL or even higher (>30 ng/mL according to some opinion leaders). Pharmacologic therapy is ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
